ASTM D4869/D4869M-16a(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing
Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing
ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt-saturated organic felt for use as an underlayment in steep slope roofing. The objective of this specification is to provide a finished product that will lie flat and resist wrinkling, puckering, and shrinking when left exposed to the sun, rain, frost, or dew for a period of two weeks after application. In the process of manufacture, a single thickness of organic dry felt shall be uniformly saturated with an asphaltic saturant and the felt shall be produced principally from organic fibers. The surface of the felt shall be uniform and relatively smooth and upon splitting or tearing on the bias, the felt shall appear free of lumps or particles of foreign substances. The material shall conform to the prescribed physical requirements such as tear strength, pliability, loss on heating, liquid water transmission, breaking strength, and dimensional stability, and to the specified dimension and mass requirements such as roll width, roll area, net mass of saturated felt, net mass of desaturated felt, saturation, moisture, and saturating efficiency. The finished product shall not crack nor be so sticky as to cause tearing or other damage upon being unrolled. The following tests shall be taken: (1) determination of saturation percent of felt, (2) determination of resistance to liquid water transmission using water shower exposure test, and (3) test for dimensional stability to low and high humidity. The water shower exposure test for underlayment is illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt-saturated organic felt for use as an underlayment with steep slope roofing.
1.2 The objective of this specification is to provide a finished product that will lie flat and resist wrinkling, puckering, and shrinking when left exposed to the sun, rain, frost, or dew for a period of two weeks after application.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4869/D4869M −16a (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep
Slope Roofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4869/D4869M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D146/D146M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing
Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing
1.1 This specification covers asphalt-saturated organic felt
and Waterproofing
for use as an underlayment with steep slope roofing.
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2 The objective of this specification is to provide a
D1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of
finished product that will lie flat and resist wrinkling,
Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
puckering, and shrinking when left exposed to the sun, rain,
D6136/D6136M Test Method for Kerosine Number of Un-
frost, or dew for a period of two weeks after application.
saturated (Dry) Felt by Vacuum Method
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units F1087 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Stability of a
Gasket Material to Moisture
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3. Terminology
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
specification, refer to Terminology D1079.
with the standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
4. Classification
test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This
4.1 Asphalt-saturated felts covered by this specification are
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
of four types:
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
4.1.1 Type I—#8 underlayment,
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
4.1.2 Type II—#13 underlayment,
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
4.1.3 Type III—#20 underlayment, and
regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.4 Type IV—#26 underlayment.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Materials and Manufacture
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 In the process of manufacture, a single thickness of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
organic dry felt shall be uniformly saturated with an asphaltic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
saturant.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.2 The felt shall be produced principally from organic
fibers. The surface of the felt shall be uniform and relatively
2. Referenced Documents
2 smooth. Upon splitting or tearing on the bias, the felt shall
2.1 ASTM Standards:
appear free of lumps or particles of foreign substances.
D70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Asphalt Binder
(Pycnometer Method)
6. Physical Requirements
6.1 The material shall conform to the physical requirements
in accordance with Table 1 and the dimensions and masses in
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
accordance with Table 2.
Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02
on Steep Roofing Products and Assemblies.
6.2 The finished product shall not crack nor be so sticky as
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
to cause tearing or other damage upon being unrolled at
approvedin2002.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2016asD4869/D4869M – 16a.
temperatures between 0 and 60 °C [32 and 140 °F].
DOI: 10.1520/D4869_D4869M-16AR21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.3 The finished product shall pass the water shower expo-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
sure test in accordance with 8.6, indicating resistance to liquid
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. water transmission.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4869/D4869M−16a (2021)
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Tear strength, 23 ± 2 °C [73 ± 4 °F] min, N [lbf] 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0
(both cross and with direction of sheet) [0.45] [0.45] [0.90] [0.90]
Pliability at 23 ± 2 °C [73 ± 4 °F]. Ten strips 12.7 mm 12.7 mm 19.1 mm 19.1 mm
tested shall not crack when bent 90° at a [0.50 in.] [0.50 in.] [0.75 in.] [0.75 in.]
uniform speed over a rounded corner of
radius in table for each type.
Loss on heating at 105 °C [221 °F] for 5 h max, % 6 6 6 6
Liquid water transmission test Pass Pass Pass Pass
MD breaking strength at 23 ± 2 °C [73 ± 4 °F], 5.3 [30] 5.3 [30] 7.0 [40] 7.0 [40]
kN/m [lbf/in.], min
CD breaking strength at 23 ± 2 °C [73 ± 4 °F], 2.6 [15] 2.6 [15] 3.5 [20] 3.5 [20]
kN/m [lbf/in.], min
Dimensional stability, max, % 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75
A
(MD and CD, from low humidity to high humidity)
A
MD is machine direction and CD is cross-machine direction.
TABLE 2 Dimensions and Masses
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
A
Width of the roll, mm [in.] 914 [36] ± 0.7 % 914 [36] ± 0.7 % 914 [36] ± 0.7 % 914 [36] ± 0.7 %
2 2 A
Area of the roll, m [ft ], min 40.13 [432] 40.13 [432] 20.07 [216] 20.07 [216]
Net mass of saturated felt, g/m 390 [8.0] 635 [13.0] 976 [20] 1270 [26]
[lb/100 ft ], min
Net mass of saturant, g/m 195 [4.0] 293 [6.0] 615 [12.6] 732 [15.0]
[lb/100 ft ], min
Net mass of desaturated felt, g/m 195 [4.0] 244 [5.0] 439 [9.0] 488 [10.0]
[lb/100 ft ], min
Saturation, % by wt., min 100 120 140 150
B
Moisture, % by wt. , min 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Saturating efficiency, % by wt., min 75.0 70.0 70.0 70.0
A
Other areas and widths can be provided as agreed upon by purchaser and seller.
B
At time of manufacture.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 8.2.3 Calculate the saturation efficiency of the felt by
dividing the percent saturation of the asphalt-saturated felt by
7.1 The felt shall be thoroughly and uniformly saturated,
the kerosine number times the specific gravity of the saturant
and shall show no unsaturated spots at any point upon cutting
and multiply the result by 100. A suitable method for deter-
50 mm [2 in.] wide strips at random across the entire sheet and
mining the specific gravity of the bitumen is Test Method D70.
splitting them open for their full length.
8.2.4 The precision and bias of this method for measuring
7.2 The saturated felt may be surfaced lightly on one side
kerosine value are as specified in Test Method D6136/
with talc or other finely comminuted mineral material to
D6136M, Section 12 (Precision and Bias).
prevent sticking in the roll.
8.3 Determine the tear strength according to Test Method
7.3 The finished material shall be free of visible external
D1922 modified to use rectangular samples that measure 76 by
defects such as holes, ragged or untrue edges, breaks, cracks,
63mm[3by2.5in.] 63 %.Conditionspecimensat23 62°C
tears, protuberances, and indentations.
[73 6 4 °F] for at least 2 h prior to testing and conduct tests at
23 6 2 °C [73 6 4 °F]. Use an Elmendorf tear strength tester
8. Sampling and Test Methods
with a 1600 g full-scale capacity.
8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Test Method
D146/D146M and determine the properties enumerated in this 8.4 Determine the pliability in accordance withTest Method
specification in accordance with Test Methods D146/D146M,
D146/D146M, Section 14.
D1922, D6136/D6136M, and F1087 as specified below.
8.5 Determine the loss on heating of felt in ac
...
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