ASTM F2780-09(2014)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Expanded Metal Security Fences and Barriers
Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Expanded Metal Security Fences and Barriers
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance for the site security designer to select the proper components required to design a site specific expanded metal physical security perimeter barrier.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the physical protection security concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish the appropriate design for the level of physical protection required and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements or limitations prior to use.
1.3 It is recommended that Specification F2548 to be used in conjunction with this guide.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2780 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Design and Construction of Expanded Metal Security
Fences and Barriers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2780; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2548 Specification for Expanded Metal Fence Systems for
Security Purposes
1.1 This guide provides assistance for the site security
F2656 Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter
designer to select the proper components required to design a
Barriers
site specific expanded metal physical security perimeter bar-
rier. 2.2 US Dept. of Defense:
UFC 4-010-01 United Facilities Criteria, DoD Minimum
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings
physicalprotectionsecurityconcerns,ifany,associatedwithits
UFC 4-020-01 United Facilities Criteria, DoD Security En-
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
gineering Facilities Planning Manual
establish the appropriate design for the level of physical
protection required and determine the applicability of regula- 2.3 US Dept. of State:
tory requirements or limitations prior to use. SD-STD-02.01 Revision A, March 2003 Test Method for
Vehicle Crash Gate Testing of Perimeter Barriers and
1.3 It is recommended that Specification F2548 to be used
Gates
in conjunction with this guide.
2.4 General Services Administration:
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
The Site Security Design Guide, U.S. General Services
as standard.
Administration (GSA)
2. Referenced Documents
2.5 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
A121 Specification for Metallic-Coated Carbon Steel
Other Structures (Manufacturer shall demonstrate frame-
Barbed Wire
work design for wind load criteria for the selection of line
A123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)
posts and line post spacing)
Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and
3. Terminology
Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
F626 Specification for Fence Fittings
3.1.1 access control—for the purposes of these standards,
F1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings on
any combination of barriers, gates, electronic security
Steel Industrial Fence Framework
equipment, or guards, or a combination thereof, that can deny
F1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-
entry to unauthorized personnel or vehicles.
Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence Structures
F1910 Specification for Long Barbed Tape Obstacles 3.1.2 active barrier—abarrier that requires manual or mo-
F2200 Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Con-
torized action to operate. Action barriers may be command or
struction
sensor activated to prevent or impede unauthorized passage.
3.1.3 anti-ram vehicle barrier—a device or barrier that
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F14 on Fences and is
prevents vehicle access to provide pedestrian protection and/or
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.50 on High Security Fences and
building security. Anti-Ram vehicle barriers may be either
Perimeter Barriers.
active or passive barriers. A rated anti-ram barrier is a
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
Department of State-approved perimeter barrier that does not
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2780– 09. DOI:
10.1520/F2780-09R14.
exceed the defined penetration level for a 15,000-lb gross
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
weightvehicletravelingperpendiculartothebarrieratnominal
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
speeds of 50, 40, or 30 mph. Reference Test Method F2656 for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. performance criteria.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2780 − 09 (2014)
3.1.4 asset—tangible or intangible items, personnel, or out- 3.1.14 standoff—the area between a protected structure and
door gatherings, (in whole or in part), which may be subject to the perimeter protecting the asset against potential attacks.
manmade or natural hazards. Sometimes referred to as setback. Distance from the inside
edge of a barrier to the nearest surface of the building being
3.1.5 barrier—an object used to separate or impede the
protected.
movement of a vehicle or pedestrian.
3.1.6 design basis tactics—identify the specific acts and
4. Summary of Guide
methods that the building and site’s countermeasures must
4.1 It is the responsibility of the design team to consider the
protect against and form the basis for the site security design.
design criteria, understand the design basis tactics, and levels
(U.S. General Services Administration)
of protection that shaped them, and provide effective and
3.1.7 design criteria—defines the design direction that
balanced design solutions that respond to the threat.
emerges, based on inputs from the risk assessment, consider-
4.2 Concernsforsecuritythroughoutthedesignprocesswill
ation of the design basis tactics, and the required level of
identifytheneedforappropriatelevelsofprotectionaroundthe
protection. (U.S. General Services Administration)
site perimeter, site access, required standoff distances, parking,
3.1.8 level of protection—the degree to which an asset (for
and other specific assets. All of these areas may require some
example, a person, a piece of equipment, or an object, etc.) is
form of physical security to equally balance the level of
protected against injury or damage from an attack.
security with an acceptable risk.
3.1.9 passive vehicle barrier—stationary barriers creating
4.3 Perimeter barriers are used to define the limits of a
perimeter or edge protection, such as fixed bollards, concrete
perimeter, standoff, activity, or area, to define ingress and
walls, concrete jersey barriers, concrete planters, boulders,
egress points, to form a psychological deterrent, and to
excavations and ditches, vehicle restraint cable systems, king
establish an acceptable level of protection. They delay unau-
tut blocks, bastion barriers, bin barriers, reinforced masonry
thorizedindividualstofacilitatetheirapprehensionbyresponse
walls, berms, ponds/basins, existing trees, intrusion detection
forces, direct traffic along designated routes of travel for
devices, and reinforced streetscape elements sculpture etc.
enhanced surveillance and control, and can preclude visual
Passive vehicle barriers have no moving parts. A passive
compromise by unauthorized individuals.
vehicle barrier system consists of a permanent or portable
structurepositionedtoslow,delayordenyaccesstoaprotected
5. Design Criteria for Perimeter Fences and Barriers
site or restricted area.
5.1 Cost Effectiveness—Budgetary allotments for security
3.1.10 perimeter barrier—afence,gate,bollard,wall,fence,
plans should be set after the performance requirements for
planter, other structure, or natural topographic feature that
fences and barriers have been determined.
provides protection against a vehicle gaining access to a
compound or facility.
5.2 Determine the threat and risk acceptance. This standard
guide should be used in conjunction with site-specific risk
3.1.11 physical security—the part of security concerned
assessments as necessary to attain an appropriate level of
with physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; to
protection from natural and or manmade hazards.
prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations,
material, and documents; and to safeguard against espionage,
5.3 Determine the level of security for the fence system
sabotage, damage and theft. (U.S. Army)
required based on acceptable risk. Part of this determination
would be the height of the fence. Fences used for the purpose
3.1.12 portable barrier—a passive or active barrier de-
of security shall be a minimum of 8-ft high.
signed to be removed and relocated as required. Includes any
movable object that can be moved in place to stop the
5.4 Determine the function for the fence or barrier based on
movement of vehicles and/or people.
the application icons listed in Fig. 1.
3.1.13 risk acceptance—the degree of risk associated with 5.4.1 Expanded metal barriers may take different forms and
an asset or endeavor that a decision-maker perceives and will provide perimeter security and access control to protect assets.
accept under a given set of circumstances and with associated Expanded metal fencing can be mounted on moveable K Rated
costs. concrete highway barriers creating active barriers that are also
FIG. 1 Applications
F2780 − 09 (2014)
portable barriers to meet changing or evolving levels of 6.3.1 Top rail should be installed 8 in. below the top of the
security. Reference Fig. 2. expanded metal mesh panel and the bottom rail should be
installed 8 in. above the bottom of the mesh panel.
6. Materials and Sizes
6.3.2 Constructed of an expanded metal fence greater than
6.1 Expanded Metal Mesh Panels: 10 ft in height requires an intermediate rail.
6.1.1 Select the expanded mesh p
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