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ASTM D737-04(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.
Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.
Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing air permeability. Fabrics...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D737-04(2008)e2 - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D737-04(2016) - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2016
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6830-02(2022) - Standard Test Method for Characterizing the Pressure Drop and Filtration Performance of Cleanable Filter Media
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM F2952-22 - Standard Guide for Determining the Mean Darcy Permeability Coefficient for a Porous Tissue Scaffold
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1549/E1549M-13(2022) - Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2352-19 - Standard Practice for Aerospace Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments—Cleanroom Operations
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5101-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4969-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene–(PTFE) Coated Glass Fabric
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5744-18 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity Cell
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D3574-17 - Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM F430-13(2018) - Standard Specification for Paper Used for Vacuum Cleaner Filter Bags
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6674-01(2017) - Standard Guide for Proficiency Test Program for Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM F2970-22 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Major Modification of Trampoline Courts
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012

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ASTM D737-04(2012) - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile FabricsASTM D737-04(2012) - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
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ASTM D737-04(2012) - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D737 − 04(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
1
Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D737; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air
3.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method:
permeability of textile fabrics.
air permeability, and fabric, refer to Terminology D4850.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
3.2 For definitions of cross-machine direction; machine
woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets,
direction and other textile terms used in this test method, refer
nappedfabrics,knittedfabrics,layeredfabrics,andpilefabrics.
to Terminology D123.
The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-
treated, or otherwise treated.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The rate of air flow passing perpendicularly through a
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be
known area of fabric is adjusted to obtain a prescribed air
approximate.
pressure differential between the two fabric surfaces. From this
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rate of air flow, the air permeability of the fabric is determined.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
tance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates
2. Referenced Documents
of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test
2
method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles 5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With- a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
3
drawn 2008) assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material
3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008) from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for
Methods testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
F778 Methods for Gas Flow Resistance Testing of Filtration
Media probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
of the known bias.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the perfor-
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
mance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air
approved in 1943 . Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D737 – 04(2008).
bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and
DOI: 10.1520/D0737-04R12.
2
vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
directlyrelatedtoairpermeability.Airpermeabilityalsocanbe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-
the ASTM website.
3
resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general,
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D737 − 04 (2012)
5.3 Performance specifications, both in
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off