ASTM D4175-16
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
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Designation: D4175 − 16
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard
spherical particle that will pass through a filter under
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
specified test conditions. This is an indication of the largest
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum
opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D4174
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not
include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the
which they appear.
reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
petroleum,petroleumproducts,lubricants,andcertainproducts absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same
termsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleumproducts,
A 5 log 1/T 52log T
~ !
10 10
and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
where T is the transmittance.
dictionaries of general usage.
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
2. Terminology
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
length, expressed by:
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
a 5 Af/bc
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are
included in the list.
where:
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812 A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
AAS, n—atomic absorption spectrometry, an analytical tech-
b = sample cell path length, and
nique for measuring metal content of solutions, based on a
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
combination of flame source, hollow cathode lamp,
volume of solvent.
photomultiplier, and a readout device. [D02.03] D7876
[D02.04] D2008
abrasion, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
forced against and moving along a solid surface.
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
[D02.B0] D4998
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is
thevaluethattakesintoaccountthespecificationvalue,thetestmethod
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuber-
precision, and the confidence level desired for defining minimum
ances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
acceptable quality relative to the specification value.
[D02.L0] D5182
[D02.94] D3244
accepted reference value (ARV), n—value that serves as an
1
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
Subcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
work of some national or international organization, such as
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4175–15c. DOI:
10.1520/D4175-16. the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175 − 16
basic buffer solution or a well-defined inflection point as specified in
(NIST), or (3) a consensus value, based on collaborative
the test method. [D02.06] D664
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
engineering group.
DI
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4175 − 15c D4175 − 16
Standard Terminology Relating to
Petroleum, Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
1
Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products,
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from
biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and
lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95. Some
abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are included in the list.
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812
AAS, n—atomic absorption spectrometry, an analytical technique for measuring metal content of solutions, based on a combination
of flame source, hollow cathode lamp, photomultiplier, and a readout device. [D02.03] D7876
abrasion, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.
[D02.B0] D4998
abrasive wear—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.L0]
D5182
absolute filtration rating, n—the diameter of the largest hard spherical particle that will pass through a filter under specified test
conditions. This is an indication of the largest opening in the filter element. [D02.N0] D4174
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
absorbance, A,n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5 log 1/T 52log T
~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.95 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2015Jan. 1, 2016. Published November 2015February 2016. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
ɛ1
D4175 – 15bD4175 – 15c. . DOI: 10.1520/D4175-15C.10.1520/D4175-16.
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.04] D2008
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175 − 16
absorptivity, a,n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
where:
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D2008
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
DISCUSSION—
The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is the value that takes into account the specification value, the test method precision, and the
confidence level desired for defining minimum acceptable quality relative to the specification value.
[D02.94] D3244
accepted reference value (ARV), n—value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as (1) a
theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, (
...
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