ASTM A424/A424M-18
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enameling
Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enameling
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for sheet steel in coils and cut lengths for porcelain enameling. Heat analysis of Type I, Type II, and Type III steels shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and others. However, an exception is made on carbon, since heat analysis of carbon is not appropriate for Type I. The material shall also conform to the required mechanical properties such as bending and formability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers sheet steel in coils and cut lengths for porcelain enameling. The compositions and processing of these steels are such that articles for porcelain enameling may be fabricated from them and, under proper conditions, enameled. The steels are furnished as Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I and Type II are supplied in two designations, Commercial Steel and Drawing Steel. Type III steel is interstitial-free and does not require a designation.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Specifications A568/A568M and A635/A635M. The appropriate General Requirements specification is applied based on the thickness and width of the product ordered.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2018
- Technical Committee
- A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
- Drafting Committee
- A01.19 - Steel Sheet and Strip
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2011
Overview
ASTM A424/A424M-18 is a globally recognized standard specification developed by ASTM International for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths specifically intended for use in porcelain enameling. This standard defines requirements for the chemical composition, mechanical properties, production types, and ordering information necessary to ensure the suitability of sheet steel for the fabrication and enameling of various products. The specification outlines three steel types, suitable for ground and cover coat enameling methods commonly used in numerous industrial and consumer goods. Adherence to ASTM A424/A424M-18 ensures product reliability, consistent performance in enameling operations, and alignment with international trade and manufacturing best practices.
Key Topics
Material Types: The standard covers three types of sheet steel (Type I, Type II, and Type III), each tailored for different enameling processes and formability requirements.
- Type I: Extremely low carbon steel, suitable for direct cover coat and ground coat enameling.
- Type II: Steel designed for ground and cover coat application, produced through specific melting operations.
- Type III: Interstitial-free steel, offering excellent formability for the most demanding forming operations.
Product Designations:
- Commercial Steel: Intended for parts requiring bending, moderate forming, or drawing operations.
- Drawing Steel: Recommended for severe drawing or where material stability is crucial over time.
Enameling Practices:
- Ground Coat Enamels: Applied to promote adhesion between the steel and subsequent coating layers.
- Cover Coat Enamels: Enhance appearance and provide color and protective properties.
- Two Coat-One Fire Enameling: Suitable for all steel types, allowing simultaneous application and firing of both enamel layers.
Chemistry and Mechanical Properties:
- Limits for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur content are specified for each steel type.
- Mechanical requirements include bend tests for commercial steel and formability standards for drawing and Type III steels.
Order and Delivery:
- Detailed requirements for ordering (quantity, steel type, finish, enameling method, dimensions, and special tolerances).
- Products must meet the requirements of referenced general specifications for thickness and width tolerances.
Applications
ASTM A424/A424M-18 applies to the manufacture and fabrication of sheet steel parts intended for porcelain enameling, which is essential in:
- Household Appliances: Ovens, cooktops, washing machine panels, and refrigerator liners.
- Architectural and Building Products: Cladding panels, signage, and elevator interiors requiring durable, aesthetically pleasing finishes.
- Industrial Equipment: Water heaters, chemical tanks, and laboratory equipment benefiting from corrosion-resistant, enamel-coated surfaces.
- Cookware and Kitchenware: Products requiring clean, smooth, and decorative enamel finishes.
The standard supports manufacturers by providing criteria to select the appropriate steel type and specification, ensuring that finished goods have the necessary properties for successful porcelain enameling and subsequent service performance.
Related Standards
Compliance with ASTM A424/A424M-18 often involves reference to the following ASTM standards:
- ASTM A568/A568M: General requirements for carbon, structural, and high-strength, low-alloy steel sheet, hot-rolled and cold-rolled.
- ASTM A635/A635M: General requirements for heavy-thickness hot-rolled steel sheet and strip.
- ASTM A941: Terminology relating to steel, stainless steel, related alloys, and ferroalloys.
These related standards provide supporting definitions, tolerances, and general requirements that are essential for full compliance with the specification and successful application in industrial and commercial contexts.
Keywords: ASTM A424, porcelain enameling, sheet steel, commercial steel, drawing steel, interstitial-free steel, ground coat, cover coat, steel specification, enamel coating, industrial standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM A424/A424M-18 is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enameling". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers standard requirements for sheet steel in coils and cut lengths for porcelain enameling. Heat analysis of Type I, Type II, and Type III steels shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and others. However, an exception is made on carbon, since heat analysis of carbon is not appropriate for Type I. The material shall also conform to the required mechanical properties such as bending and formability. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers sheet steel in coils and cut lengths for porcelain enameling. The compositions and processing of these steels are such that articles for porcelain enameling may be fabricated from them and, under proper conditions, enameled. The steels are furnished as Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I and Type II are supplied in two designations, Commercial Steel and Drawing Steel. Type III steel is interstitial-free and does not require a designation. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Specifications A568/A568M and A635/A635M. The appropriate General Requirements specification is applied based on the thickness and width of the product ordered. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers standard requirements for sheet steel in coils and cut lengths for porcelain enameling. Heat analysis of Type I, Type II, and Type III steels shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and others. However, an exception is made on carbon, since heat analysis of carbon is not appropriate for Type I. The material shall also conform to the required mechanical properties such as bending and formability. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers sheet steel in coils and cut lengths for porcelain enameling. The compositions and processing of these steels are such that articles for porcelain enameling may be fabricated from them and, under proper conditions, enameled. The steels are furnished as Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I and Type II are supplied in two designations, Commercial Steel and Drawing Steel. Type III steel is interstitial-free and does not require a designation. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Specifications A568/A568M and A635/A635M. The appropriate General Requirements specification is applied based on the thickness and width of the product ordered. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM A424/A424M-18 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM A424/A424M-18 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM A941-24, ASTM A568/A568M-19a, ASTM A568/A568M-17a, ASTM A941-17, ASTM A568/A568M-17, ASTM A941-15, ASTM A568/A568M-15, ASTM A568/A568M-13ae1, ASTM A568/A568M-13a, ASTM A635/A635M-13, ASTM A941-13b, ASTM A568/A568M-13, ASTM A941-13a, ASTM A941-13, ASTM A568/A568M-11b. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM A424/A424M-18 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A424/A424M −18
Standard Specification for
Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enameling
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA424/A424M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* A635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon,
1.1 This specification covers sheet steel in coils and cut
Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength
lengths for porcelain enameling. The compositions and pro-
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Require-
cessing of these steels are such that articles for porcelain
ments for
enameling may be fabricated from them and, under proper
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
conditions, enameled. The steels are furnished as Type I, Type
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
II, and Type III. Type I and Type II are supplied in two
designations, Commercial Steel and Drawing Steel. Type III
3. Terminology
steel is interstitial-free and does not require a designation.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
specification, refer to Terminology A941.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 3.2.1 base coat—also known as ground coat. This coating
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
layer is applied directly to the steel and promotes adhesion of
with the standard. the coating system to the steel.
1.3 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Specifi- 3.2.2 cover coat—This coating layer is usually applied over
the base or ground coat to improve the appearance and provide
cationsA568/A568MandA635/A635M.TheappropriateGen-
eral Requirements specification is applied based on the thick- the proper color.
ness and width of the product ordered.
3.2.3 direct cover coat—This refers to a single coating
application that provides both adequate adhesion and appear-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ance.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4. Classification
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Types:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1.1 Type I steel has an extremely low carbon level
achieved through sheet decarburization. This material is suit-
2. Referenced Documents
able for direct cover coat enameling practice, but this require-
2.1 ASTM Standards: ment must be indicated by the purchaser in accordance with
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, 5.1.6. This material is also suitable for ground and cover coat
Structural,andHigh-Strength,Low-Alloy,Hot-Rolledand enameling practice. It has good sag resistance and good
Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for formability.
4.1.2 Type II steel is suitable for applications where ground
and cover coat enameling operations are employed. The
composition of the Type II steel is obtained in melting
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
operations.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip.
4.1.3 Type III is an interstitial-free steel and is suitable for
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
applications where ground and cover coat enameling opera-
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A424/
tions are employed. The composition of the Type III steel is
A424M – 09a (2016). DOI: 10.1520/A0424_A0424M-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or obtained in melting operations. It has good sag resistance and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
excellent formability.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.2 Product Designations:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A424/A424M − 18
4.2.1 Commercial Steel is intended for parts where bending, 5.1.11 Special requirements (if any).
moderate forming, or moderate drawing may be involved. 5.1.11.1 When the purchaser requires thickness tolerances
4.2.2 Drawing Steel is intended for fabricating identified for ⁄8 in. [10 mm] minimum edge distance (see Supplementary
parts where the draw is particularly severe or where the Requirement in Specification A568/A568M), this requirement
material shall be essentially free of changes in mechanical shall be specified in the purchase order or contract.
properties over a period of time. Drawing Steel should be
NOTE 2—Atypical ordering description is as follows: 40 000 lb,ASTM
specified where the formed material shall be essentially free of
A424 – -NN Porcelain Enameling Sheet, Type I, Drawing Steel, direct
such surface disturbances as stretcher strains or fluting without
cover coat, 0.048 in. by 35 in. by 96 in., Part 2587, Range Top, or, 50 000
kg, ASTM A424M – -NN Porcelain Enameling Sheet, Type I, Drawing
the need of prior roller leveling.
Steel, direct cover coat, 1.22 mm by 890 mm by 2440 mm, Part 2587,
4.2.3 Type III interstitial-free steel is intended for fabricat-
Range Top.”
ing identified parts where the most severe drawing or forming
is involved and where the material must be free of changes in
6. General Requirements for Delivery
mechanical properties over a period of time and free o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A424/A424M − 09a (Reapproved 2016) A424/A424M − 18
Standard Specification for
Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enameling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A424/A424M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers sheet steel in coils and cut lengths for porcelain enameling. The compositions and processing of
these steels are such that articles for porcelain enameling may be fabricated from them and, under proper conditions, enameled.
The steels are furnished as Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I and Type II are supplied in two designations, Commercial Steel
and Drawing Steel. Type III steel is interstitial-free and does not require a designation.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Specifications A568/A568M and A635/A635M. The appropriate General
Requirements specification is applied based on the thickness and width of the product ordered.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,
General Requirements for
A635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon, Structural,
High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Requirements for
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 base coat—also known as ground coat. This coating layer is applied directly to the steel and promotes adhesion of the
coating system to the steel.
3.2.2 cover coat—This coating layer is usually applied over the base or ground coat to improve the appearance and provide the
proper color.
3.2.3 direct cover coat—This refers to a single coating application that provides both adequate adhesion and appearance.
4. Classification
4.1 Types:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.19
on Steel Sheet and Strip.
Current edition approved May 1, 2016July 1, 2018. Published May 2016August 2018. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
A424/A424M – 09a.A424/A424M – 09a (2016). DOI: 10.1520/A0424_A0424M-09AR16.10.1520/A0424_A0424M-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A424/A424M − 18
4.1.1 Type I steel has an extremely low carbon level achieved through sheet decarburization. This material is suitable for direct
cover coat enameling practice, but this requirement must be indicated by the purchaser in accordance with 5.1.6. This material is
also suitable for ground and cover coat enameling practice. It has good sag resistance and good formability.
4.1.2 Type II steel is suitable for applications where ground and cover coat enameling operations are employed. The composition
of the Type II steel is obtained in melting operations.
4.1.3 Type III is an interstitial-free steel and is suitable for applications where ground and cover coat enameling operations are
employed. The composition of the Type III steel is obtained in melting operations. It has good sag resistance and excellent
formability.
4.2 Product Designations:
4.2.1 Commercial Steel is intended for parts where bending, moderate forming, or moderate drawing may be involved.
4.2.2 Drawing Steel is intended for fabricating identified parts where the draw is particularly severe or where the material shall
be essentially free of changes in mechanical properties over a period of time. Drawing Steel should be specified where the formed
material shall be essentially free of such surface disturbances as stretcher strains or fluting without the need of prior roller leveling.
4.2.3 Type III interstitial-free steel is intended for fabricating identified parts where the most severe drawing or forming is
involved and where the material must be free of changes in mechanical properties over a period of time and free of such surface
disturbances as stretcher strains or fluting without the need of prior roller leveling.
4.3 Porcelain Enamels:
4.3.1 Ground coat enamels are glasses used primarily for their bonding characteristics. They may be applied after proper metal
preparation (either pickle or pickle-free depending on enamel system). These glasses may be applied as either dry powders or wet
slips. This type enamel is suitable for all three types of steel (Type I, II, or III).
4.3.2 Cover coat enamels are appearance glasses applied for specific color, corrosion, alkali resistance, and so forth. These
enamels may be applied directly to Type I steels after suitable metal preparation. They may also be applied over fired ground coat
enamels. They may be applied as either dry powder or wet slip.
4.3.3 Two coat-one fire enamels are special glass systems applied as dry powders. They usually are
...
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