ASTM G174-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Materials by Abrasive Loop Contact
Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Materials by Abrasive Loop Contact
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers ranking rigid engineering materials for abrasion resistance in rubbing against a 30-μm aluminum oxide abrasive finishing tape. Though most solids can be tested, this test method addresses its use for metals, and coatings applied to metals.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:G174–03
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Materials by Abrasive
Loop Contact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 174; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 abrasion resistance, n—in tribology, the ability of a
material to resist damage or attrition by abrasion.
1.1 This test method covers ranking rigid engineering ma-
3.2.3 fixed abrasive tape, n—hardparticlesorgrainsbonded
terials for abrasion resistance in rubbing against a 30-µm
(fixed) to one side of a flexible web with a resin or similar
aluminum oxide abrasive finishing tape. Though most solids
binder. the particles can be of any hard material and vary in
can be tested, this test method addresses its use for metals, and
size. (This abrasive medium is also known as “finishing tape,”
coatings applied to metals.
“microfinishing tape,” “microfinishing film,” or “finishing
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
film.”)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 flexible web, n—plastic, paper, rubber, or other mate-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rial that is thin enough to conform to a 180° wrap around a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
16-mm diameter cylinder under a tension of less than 1.8
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
kg/cm width.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This test involves rubbing an abrasive tape loop initially
E 177 Practice for Use of theTerms Precision andAccuracy
in line-contact with a solid surface.The tape abrasion produces
as Applied to Measurement of a Property of a Material
a groove in the test surface, and the volume of material
E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
removed in a designated amount of abrasive rubbing is
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Inter-laboratory Study to
measured by mass loss or by calculation from the groove
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
geometry. The continuous loop of abrasive is used for the
G 40 Terminology Relating to Erosion and Wear
duration of the test and then discarded.Afresh loop is used for
G 117 Guide for Calculating and Reporting Measures of
each one-hour test.
Precision Using Data from Inter-laboratory Wear and
4.2 The wear volume produced in this test provides a
Erosion Tests
4 measure of the ability of a surface to resist wear damage from
G 132 Test Method for Pin Abrasion Testing
abrasive substances. The smaller the wear volume in this test,
3. Terminology the better the abrasion resistance.
4.3 The test was developed using 30 µm-mean diameter
3.1 Definitions:
aluminum oxide abrasive on a 127 µm-thick polyester support,
3.1.1 abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard
but other commercially available abrasive tapes could be used.
protuberances forced against, and moving along, a solid
The test has also been used with webs such as paper that are
surface.
inherently abrasive to many materials.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 abrasion, n—the process of abrasive wear.
5. Significance and Use
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Terminology G40 does not define
5.1 This test is useful for screening materials for use in tools
abrasion.
that are subjected to abrasion from the material that is being
machined, worked, or formed. It has been used to screen tool
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear steels for punch press dies, hardfacings for earth-moving
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive
machinery, and wear coatings. This test utilizes a test that is
Wear.
simpler to build and use than those used in the Test Method
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003.
G 132 abrasion test which, like this test, uses a fixed abrasive
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
counterface to abrade a test material.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
G174–03
5.2 The one-hour test is intended for metals and materials 7.3 Weighing—Ifmasschangeisgoingtobeusedasthetest
that are softer than hardened steel (67 HRC), but may be metric, weigh the test specimen to the nearest tenth of a
applied to harder materials (see 7.7). milligram and record this as the initial weight.
7.4 Sample Attachment—Affix the test sample to loading
6. Apparatus arm and the 200 g-loading mass over the line where the
specimen has tangential contact with the tape.
6.1 The test apparatus used in inter-laboratory tests is
7.5 Belt Tensioning—Tension the abrasive belt over the
illustrated in Fig. 1.A132-cm long by 25.4-mm wide abrasive
drive spindle and idler rollers by moving idler rollers. Check
tape is made into a continuous loop with a pressure sensitive
the loop for slip with a mark on the tape and spindle. Loops are
adhesive (PSA) butt splice (Fig. 2). The web is tensioned to
used only once for one hour.
form a triangle with the 16-mm diameter drive spindle at the
7.6 Check Systems Alignment—Tapered scars will result if
apex. The idler rolls can be of any diameter, but a convenient
the sample is not parallel to the drive spindle. Check alignment
size is about 50 mm radius with flanges to prevent lateral
by putting pressure sensing media on the spindle and bring the
movement of the tape. The test sample shall have the dimen-
specimen in contact with the spindle. The pressure-sensing
sions shown in Fig. 3. It is clamped or attached to the
medium must show line contact across the sample width. Thin
counterbalanced loading arm with PSAfoam. The loading arm
foils (less than 25 µm) can also be used to make sure that both
is pivoted on rolling element bearings.A200 g loading mass is
edgesofthetestsamplearecontactingthespindles.Putthefoil
attached to the pivot arm and centered directly over the line
betweenthespindleandtheedgeofthesampleandpullthefoil
contact between the specimen and drive spindle.
out. Repeat on the other side. Equal pull force on both sides
6.2 One idler roller must be adjustable to produce tape
shows good alignment, and can be measured with a force
tensionsufficienttodrivethetapewithspindle-to-tapeslippage
measuring device. Lock the aligned sample arm in place. Put
of less than 20 m in a one-hour test time. The drive spindle
the loop on and tension it as in 7.5. Turn the tester on for 5 to
shall be 16 mm in diameter and have a total indicated run-out
10 s and lift the sample arm and check for a uniform wear scar
of less than 20 µm at a rotational speed of 300 rpm.
across the sample width.
7.7 Testing—Setthespindlerotationalspeedto300rpmand
7. Test Procedure
turn the tester on. Start timing or set a time on the machine
7.1 Specimen Preparation—The test surfaces (7.6 by 32
power to shut off after one hour.
mm) should have a ground or lapped finish with a roughness
less than 0.2 µm Ra. The surface lay shall be aligned with the NOTE 1—Some cemented carbides and other hard materials may
require a longer time to develop a measurable wear scar. Sometimes these
longaxisofthetestspecimen.Whentestingmoldedsurfacesor
materials require several one-hour test cycles with the tape changed each
specific finishes, the test samples should have the finish of
hour. This is a non-standard test and is not covered by this method.
interest on the test faces.
7.2 Cleaning—Cleaning is not needed if the test surfaces 7.8 Scar Measurement—Clean wear debris f
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