ASTM D5818-11(2022)

Standard Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability to maintain design function (for example, reinforcement, separation, barrier, etc.) or design properties (for example, tensile strength, chemical resistance, etc.), or both, of a geosynthetic may be affected by damage to the physical structure of the geosynthetic due to the rigors of field installation. The effect of damage may be assessed by analyzing specimens cut from sample(s) retrieved after installation in a representative test section. Analysis may be performed with visual examination or laboratory testing of specimens from the control sample(s), and from the exhumed sample(s).  
5.2 A uniform practice for installing and retrieving representative sample(s) from a test section is needed to assess installation damage using project-specific or generally accepted, representative materials and procedures. Damage of a specific grade and type of geosynthetic under specific installation procedures may be assessed with sample(s) exhumed from a full-scale test section.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures for obtaining samples of geosynthetics from a test section for use in assessment of the effects of damage immediately after installation caused only by the installation techniques. The assessment may include physical testing. This practice is applicable to any geosynthetic.  
1.2 This practice is limited to full-scale test sections, and does not address laboratory modeling of field conditions. This practice does not address which test method(s) to use for quantifying installation damage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2022
• ICS: 19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.01 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5818 − 11 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation
Damage of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5818; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures for obtain-
technical engineering-related material as an integral part of a
ing samples of geosynthetics from a test section for use in
manmade project, structure, or system.
assessment of the effects of damage immediately after instal-
3.1.2 sample, n—(1) a portion of material that is taken for
lation caused only by the installation techniques. The assess-
testing or for record purposes; (2) a group of specimens used,
ment may include physical testing. This practice is applicable
orofobservationsmade,whichprovideinformationthatcanbe
to any geosynthetic.
used for making statistical inferences about the population(s)
1.2 This practice is limited to full-scale test sections, and
from which the specimens are drawn.
does not address laboratory modeling of field conditions. This
3.1.3 test section, n—a distinct area of actual or simulated
practice does not address which test method(s) to use for
full-scale construction.
quantifying installation damage.
3.1.4 For definitions of other geosynthetics terms used in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
this practice, refer to Terminology D4439.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Practice
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1 Damage to geosynthetics from installation operations
may be quantified by evaluating specimens from a sample(s)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
exhumed from a full-scale installation. The sample(s) should
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
be installed using project-specific procedures and materials.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
When project-specific materials and/or procedures are
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical unknown, generally accepted, representative materials and
procedures should be used and thoroughly documented and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
reported. Addressed within this practice are: amount of geo-
synthetic sample(s) to install; procedures for installing the
2. Referenced Documents
2 geosynthetic sample(s); procedures for exhuming the geosyn-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thetic sample(s); procedure for obtaining control sample(s);
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
and report preparation guidelines. The sample(s) should be
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Han-
retrieved immediately after installation to minimize potential
dling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
aging of the geosynthetic. Comparison of test results on
exhumed and control specimens may be used to assess effects
3. Terminology
of installation. Tests to perform are not addressed herein, and
3.1 Definitions:
willvarywiththetypeandfunctionofgeosyntheticandproject
requirements.
5. Significance and Use
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical
5.1 The ability to maintain design function (for example,
Properties.
reinforcement, separation, barrier, etc.) or design properties
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally
(for example, tensile strength, chemical resistance, etc.), or
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D5818 – 11 (2018).
DOI: 10.1520/D5818-11R22.
both, of a geosynthetic may be affected by damage to the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
physical structure of the geosynthetic due to the rigors of field
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
installation. The effect of damage may be assessed by analyz-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ing specimens cut from sample(s) retrieved after installation in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5818 − 11 (2022)
a representative test section. Analysis may be performed with 6.3.3 The positions of the test specimens on the control
visual examination or laboratory testing of specimens from the sample, relative to roll edge, should correspond with the
control sample(s), and from the exhumed sample(s). positions of the exhumed sample.
5.2 A uniform practice for installing and retrieving repre- 6.4 Installation Procedure:
sentative sample(s) from a test section is needed to assess
6.4.1 The soil subgrade or initial lift on which the geosyn-
installation damage using project-specific or generally
thetic(s) will be placed shall be constructed to specified
accepted, representative materials and procedures. Damage of
conditions of soil type, moisture content, and compaction.
a specific grade and type of geosynthetic under specific
Construction equipment used should be the same as to be used
installation procedures may be assessed with sample(s) ex-
to construct overlying lifts, unless otherwise requested. The
humed from a full-scale test section.
geosynthetic should be installed in accordance with project-
specific procedures. When project-specific procedures and/or
6. Procedure
materials are not known, representative equipment, materials,
and procedures should be used and thoroughly documented.
6.1 Objective—Geosynthetic and soil placement techniques
6.4.2 The material to be placed above the geosynthetic
shall model the methods anticipated during construction, but
under investigation will typically be a soil or rock fill, or
may also be designed to model hypothetical conditions such as
another geosynthetic material(s) with soil then placed upon it.
various degrees of compaction, lift heights, drop heights,
In the case of another geosynthetic, it also shall be placed in
equipment operations, and/or types of fill material.
accordance with project-specific procedures. When project-
6.2 Exhumed Sample:
specific procedures and/or materials are not known, represen-
6.2.1 The amount of geosynthetic to install in and retrieve tative equipment, materials, and procedures should be used and
from a test section is a function of the type and number of thoroughly documented.
laboratory tests to be conducted for assessment of damage.An
NOTE 1—In certain situations, such as multiple-layer installations,
amount of material sufficient to obtain 20 tests on representa-
movement of individual layers in test sections may occur. Care should be
tive specimens for each type of test should be installed for each
taken to ensure that stress and
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5818 − 11 (Reapproved 2018) D5818 − 11 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation
Damage of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5818; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures for obtaining samples of geosynthetics from a test section for use in assessment
of the effects of damage immediately after installation caused only by the installation techniques. The assessment may include
physical testing. This practice is applicable to any geosynthetic.
1.2 This practice is limited to full-scale test sections, and does not address laboratory modeling of field conditions. This practice
does not address which test method(s) to use for quantifying installation damage.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4873/D4873M Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering-related material as an integral part of a manmade project, structure, or system.
3.1.2 sample, n—(1) a portion of material that is taken for testing or for record purposes; (2) a group of specimens used, or of
observations made, which provide information that can be used for making statistical inferences about the population(s) from
which the specimens are drawn.
3.1.3 test section, n—a distinct area of actual or simulated full-scale construction.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2022. Published July 2018February 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20112018 as
D5818 – 11.D5818 – 11 (2018). DOI: 10.1520/D5818-11R18.10.1520/D5818-11R22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5818 − 11 (2022)
3.1.4 For definitions of other geosynthetics terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D4439.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Damage to geosynthetics from installation operations may be quantified by evaluating specimens from a sample(s) exhumed
from a full-scale installation. The sample(s) should be installed using project-specific procedures and materials. When
project-specific materials and/or procedures are unknown, generally accepted, representative materials and procedures should be
used and thoroughly documented and reported. Addressed within this practice are: amount of geosynthetic sample(s) to install;
procedures for installing the geosynthetic sample(s); procedures for exhuming the geosynthetic sample(s); procedure for obtaining
control sample(s); and report preparation guidelines. The sample(s) should be retrieved immediately after installation to minimize
potential aging of the geosynthetic. Comparison of test results on exhumed and control specimens may be used to assess effects
of installation. Tests to perform are not addressed herein, and will vary with the type and function of geosynthetic and project
requirements.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The ability to maintain design function (for example, reinforcement, separation, barrier, etc.) or design properties (for example,
tensile strength, chemical resistance, etc.), or both, of a geosynthetic may be affected by damage to the physical structure of the
geosynthetic due to the rigors of field installation. The effect of damage may be assessed by analyzing specimens cut from
sample(s) retrieved after installation in a representative test section. Analysis may be performed with visual examination or
laboratory testing of specimens from the control sample(s), and from the exhumed sample(s).
5.2 A uniform practice for installing and retrieving representative sample(s) from a test section is needed to assess installation
damage using project-specific or generally accepted, representative materials and procedures. Damage of a specific grade and type
of geosynthetic under specific installation procedures may be assessed with sample(s) exhumed from a full-scale test section.
6. Procedure
6.1 Objective—Geosynthetic and soil placement techniques shall model the methods anticipated during construction, but may also
be designed to model hypothetical conditions such as various degrees of compaction, lift heights, drop heights, equipment
operations, and/or types of fill material.
6.2 Exhumed Sample:
6.2.1 The amount of geosynthetic to install in and retrieve from a test section is a function of the type and number of laboratory
tests to be conducted for assessment of damage. An amount of material sufficient to obtain 20 tests on representative specimens
for each type of test should be installed for each set of installation conditions.
6.2.2 The test sample should be marked prior to installation and exhumation, or a template made,made showing the exact location
where specimens for testing are to be obtained. They shall also be labeled with sufficient information to ensure identification of
the exposed sample and associated exposure conditions, such as:as geosynthetic and fill type. Machine and transverse-machine
direction of specimens shall be designated. Designation of specimen locations is recommended to eliminate potential bias in
specimen selection after the geosynthetic has been damaged. Alternate areas may also be designated in the event the primary
specimen area is damaged by exhumation.
6.3 Control Sample:
6.3.1 Control or baseline (uninstalled) sample(s) of the geosynthetic being investigated shall be from the same roll of material that
is to be installed in the test section. Sample(s) from each roll of geosynthetic shall be gathered in cases where multiple geosynthetic
rolls are used in the test section. Document all control sample information pertinent to sample, such as: date of manufacture,
manufacturer or supplier, geosynthetic grade and type, machine and transverse-machine direct
...