ASTM A962/A962M-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy and stainless steel fasteners or fastener materials, or both, under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
Title of SpecificationsASTM DesignationAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature ServiceA 193/A 193MCarbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure and High-Temperature ServiceA 194/A 194MAlloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature ServiceA 320/A 320MAlloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature ServiceA 437/A 437MHigh-Temperature Bolting Materials With Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless SteelsA 453/A 453MAlloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A 540/A 540M
1.2 In case of conflict the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.
1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
1.4 Values stated in either inch-pound or SI units (metric) are to be regarded separately. The SI units are shown in brackets within the text and tables. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of the product specification is specified in the order.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: A 962/A962M – 00 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners or Fastener
Materials, or Both, Intended for Use at Any Temperature
from Cryogenic to the Creep Range
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 962/A962M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-
Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Require-
ments that shall apply to carbon, alloy and stainless steel
ments for
fasteners or fastener materials, or both, under any of the
A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM
Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature Service
Specifications that invoke this specification or portions
A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
thereof):
Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature
Title of Specifications ASTM Designation
Service
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials A 193/A 193M
for High-Temperature Service
A 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy Steel Bolting Ma-
Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High A 194/A 194M
terials for Low-Temperature Service
Pressure and High-Temperature Service
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature A 320/A 320M
Service
of Steel Products
Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Material A 437/A 437M
A 437/A 437M Specification for Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service Bolting Material Specially Heat Treated for High-
High-Temperature Bolting Materials With Expansion A 453/A 453M
Temperature Service
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
A 453/A 453M Specification for High-Temperature Bolt-
Steels
Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials for Special Applications A 540/A 540M ing Materials, With Expansion Coefficients Comparable to
Austenitic Stainless Steels
1.2 In case of conflict the requirements of the individual
A 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements for
product specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
tion.
A 540/A 540M Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting Ma-
1.3 Additional requirements may be specified by mutual
terials for Special Applications
agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
A 574 Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap
1.4 Values stated in either inch-pound or SI units (metric)
Screws
are to be regarded separately. The SI units are shown in
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
brackets within the text and tables. The values stated in each
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system shall
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
cation. Inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designa-
ments
tion of the product specification is specified in the order.
E 3 Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
2. Referenced Documents
Blooms, and Forgings
The following documents shall form a part of this specifi-
E 384 Test Method for Microhardness of Materials
cation to the extent specified. The latest issue shall apply unless
E 1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination
otherwise specified.
E 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published June 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
published as A 962/A 962M-97. Last previous edition A 962/A 962M-99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 962/A962M
F 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of condition, finish, and size heat treated without interruption in a
Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series continuous type furnace during an eight hour period.
2.2 ANSI Standards: 3.1.8.3 bolting material, non heat treated (strain
B1.1 Screw Threads hardened)—all material of the same heat or cast of material,
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads – M Profile condition, reduction (cold work), finish and size.
B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Screw Threads 3.1.8.4 fasteners, machined from bolting material—all fas-
B1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional teners machined from the same lot of material defined as
Acceptability of Metric Screw Threads outlined in either 3.1.8.1 or 3.1.8.2, above without any subse-
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws quent heat treatment or hot or cold forming.
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts 3.1.8.5 fasteners, heat treated in batch type furnaces—all
B18.2.3.5M Metric Hex Bolts items produced by any technique (forming, machining, etc.)
B18.2.3.6M Metric Heavy Hex Bolts from the same heat or cast of material, of the same prior
B18.2.4.1M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 1 condition, the same size, and subjected to the same heat
B18.2.4.2M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 2 treatment in one tempering charge.
B18.2.4.6M Metric Heavy Hex Nuts 3.1.8.6 fasteners, heat treated in continuous type furnaces—
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws all items produced by any technique (forming, machining,
etc.) from the same heat or cast of material, of the same prior
3. Terminology
condition, of the same size, subjected to the same heat
treatment in a four hour period and in one tempering charge.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.8.7 fasteners, non heat treated (strain hardened)—all
3.1.1 bar—a solid rolled or forged section that is long in
fasteners of the same heat or cast of material, condition,
relationship to its cross-sectional dimensions with a relatively
reduction (cold work), finish and size.
constant cross section throughout its length. See Specification
3.1.8.8 strain hardened material—austenitic stainless steel
A 29/A 29M for definitions relating to the production of hot
material which has been subjected to cold working sufficient to
wrought and cold finished bars.
3.1.2 bolting material—rolled or forged bars or blanks, cause a significant increase in strength.
wire, rod, threaded bar, rotary pierced or extruded seamless
4. Ordering Information
tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar
4.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
segments to be manufactured into bolts, screws, studs, washers,
purchase order all information necessary to purchase the
and nuts.
needed material. Examples of such information include, but are
3.1.3 certifying organization—the company or association
not limited, to the following:
responsible for the conformance and marking of the product to
4.1.1 Quantity and size,
the specification requirements.
4.1.2 Product specification number with grade, class, type,
3.1.4 class—a term used to differentiate between different
as applicable, and including the product specification year date,
heat treatment conditions or strength levels, or both, often
4.1.3 Any additional information required by the individual
within the same Grade but sometimes within the same family
product specification,
of materials. May also apply to work hardened condition or
4.1.4 Supplementary requirements,
strength level, or both.
4.1.5 Additional requirements (see 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 7.4,
3.1.5 grade—an alloy described individually and identified
14.8, 12.1, 12.3.1, 12.3.3, 12.5.2, 12.6, and 18.1).
by its own designation in a table of chemical requirements
4.1.6 Additional ordering options provided in the individual
within any specification.
product specification, and
3.1.6 killed steel—steel deoxidized, by addition of strong
4.1.7 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall length,
deoxidizing agents or by vacuum treatment, to reduce the
finish, shape, threads, etc.).
oxygen content to such a level that no reaction occurs between
carbon and oxygen during solidification.
5. Melting Process
3.1.7 length, fasteners subject to full size testing—that
5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual product
portion of the fastener whose body diameter is approximately
specification, the steel shall be fully killed. Use of the basic
the same as the nominal thread size.
oxygen process shall be limited to grades containing less than
3.1.8 lot—unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of:
6 % chromium.
3.1.8.1 bolting material, heat treated in batch type
5.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,
furnaces—all material of the same heat or cast of material,
it shall be stated on the purchase order.
condition, finish, and size subjected to the same heat treatment
5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
in one tempering charge and submitted for inspection at the
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting
same time.
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If second-
3.1.8.2 bolting material, heat treated in continuous type
ary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the
furnaces—all material of the same heat or cast of material,
ingot remelted from a single primary heat.
5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be continuously cast.
When steel of different grades is continuously cast identifica-
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10017. tion of the resultant transition material is required. The steel
A 962/A962M
producer shall remove the transition material by an established requirements of another grade for which that element is a
procedure that positively separates the grades. Should the specified element having a required minimum content.
purchaser deem it necessary to have the transition zone of two
8. Mechanical Properties
heats of the same grade which are continuously cast discarded,
the purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S4. 8.1 Method of Mechanical Tests—All tests shall be con-
ducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370
5.5 Quality—The steel producer quality control procedures
shall provide sufficient testing of carbon and alloy steels in unless otherwise specified.
8.2 For the purpose of determining conformance to the
accordance with Test Method E 381 or other suitable method as
agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer to assure product specification requirements, specimens shall be ob-
tained from the production material, or, in the case of forgings,
the internal quality of the product.
5.5.1 Ingot Cast Product—Visual examination of transverse from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used
to make the finished product. Heat treatment shall be com-
sections shall show no imperfections worse than the macro-
graphs of Test Method E 381 S4–R4–C4 or equivalent as pleted prior to removal of material for mechanical testing.
8.3 If separately forged test blanks are used, they shall be of
agreed upon. Distinct zones of solidification shall not be
present. the same heat of steel, be subjected to substantially the same
reduction and working as the production forging they repre-
6. Materials and Manufacture
sent, be heat treated in the same furnace charge and under the
6.1 Bars shall be produced in accordance with Specifica- same conditions as the production forging, and be of the same
tions A 29/A 29M or A 484/A 484M as applicable. Finish (hot
nominal thickness as the maximum heat treated thickness of
or cold, ground, rough turned, drawn, etc.) shall be at the the production forging.
option of the manufacturer unless otherwise specified. 8.4 Bars—Tension and impact tests representing bar stock
6.2 Fasteners shall be produced in accordance with the shall be taken in accordance with the requirements of Annex
product specification. A1 of Test Methods A 370. Impact tests are not required on
bars ⁄2 in. and under in diameter.
7. Chemical Composition
8.5 Fasteners, Machined from Heat Treated Bar—
7.1 Chemical Analysis—Heat or product chemical analysis
Mechanical properties of fasteners machined from heat treated
shall be in accordance with Test Methods A 751.
bar shall be represented by the tests run on the bar in
7.2 Heat Analysis— An analysis of each heat of steel shall
accordance with 8.4.
be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages
8.6 Fasteners, All Classes—Produced by other methods—
of those elements specified in the individual product specifi-
When fasteners have been produced by forming, when they
cation. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat
have been subjected to heat treatment, or when the nominal
analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or the
thread size falls into a different diameter range than that of the
product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. The
starting bar as shown in the applicable specifications, then tests
chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the require-
shall be run on material taken from those fasteners.
ments of the individual product specification. Product analysis
8.6.1 Tension test specimens taken from finished fasteners
(check analysis) tolerances shall not be applied to heat analysis
shall be machined to the form and dimensions and from the
requirements.
positions shown in Annex A3 of Methods and Definitions
7.3 Product Analysis— When performed, by manufacturer,
A 370. Impact tests are not required on material from exter-
purchaser, end user, and so forth, samples for analysis shall be
nally threaded fasteners when the thread diameter is ⁄2 in. and
taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts,
under.
midway between inner and outer surfaces of hollow parts,
9. Hardness Requirements
midway between center and surface of full-size prolon
...
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