ASTM C1044-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
Standard Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a procedure for operating the apparatus so that the heat flow, Q′, through the meter section of the auxiliary insulation is small; determining Q′; and, calculating the heat flow, Q, through the meter section of the specimen.
This practice requires that the apparatus have independent temperature controls in order to operate the cold plate and auxiliary cold plate at different temperatures. In the single-sides mode, the apparatus is operated with the temperature of the auxiliary cold plate maintained, as close as possible, to the temperature of the side of the hot plate adjacent to the auxiliary insulation.
Note 4—Ideally, if the temperature difference across the auxiliary insulation is zero and there are no edge heat losses or gains, all of the power input to the meter plate will flow through the specimen. In practice, a small correction is made for heat flow, Q′, through the auxiliary insulation.
The thermal conductance, C′, of the auxiliary insulation must be determined from one or more separate tests using either Test Method C177, C1114, or as indicated in 5.4. The values of C′ should be checked periodically, particularly if during regular testing it is not possible to keep the temperature drop across the auxiliary insulation less than 1 % of the temperature drop across the test specimen.
This practice can be used when it is desirable to determine the thermal properties of a single specimen. For example, the thermal properties of a single specimen are used to calibrate a heat-flow-meter apparatus for Test Method C518. In other cases, there may be only one specimen available.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the steady-state heat flow through the meter section of a specimen when a guarded-hot-plate apparatus or thin-heater apparatus is used in the single-sided mode of operation.
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with either Test Method C177 or C1114 for testing a single specimen. This practice is limited to only the single-sided mode of operation, and, in all other particulars, the requirements of either Test Method C177 or C1114 apply.
Note 1—Test Methods C177 and C1114 describe the use of the guarded-hot-plate and thin-heater apparatus, respectively, for determining steady-state heat flux and thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, these methods cover both the double- and single-sided mode of operation, and at present, do not distinguish between the accuracies for the two modes of operation. When appropriate, thermal transmission properties shall be calculated in accordance with Practice C1045.
1.3 This practice requires that the cold plates of the apparatus have independent temperature controls. For the single-sided mode of operation, a (single) specimen is placed between the hot plate and the cold plate. Auxiliary thermal insulation, if needed, is placed between the hot plate and the auxiliary cold plate. The auxiliary cold plate and the hot plate are maintained at essentially the same temperature. Ideally, the heat flow from the meter plate is assumed to flow only through the specimen, so that the thermal transmission properties correspond only to the specimen.
Note 2—The double-sided mode of operation requires similar specimens placed on either side of the hot plate. The cold plates that contact the outer surfaces of these specimens are maintained at essentially the same temperature. The electric power supplied to the meter plate is assumed to result in equal heat flow through the meter section of each specimen, so that the thermal transmission properties correspond to an average for the two specimens.
1.4 This practice does not preclude the use of a guarded-hot-plate apparatus in which the auxiliary cold plate may be either larger or smaller in lateral dimensions than either the test specimen or the cold plate.
Note 3—Most guarded-hot-plate apparatu...
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Designation: C1044 − 12
StandardPractice for
Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater
1
Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope eitherlargerorsmallerinlateraldimensionsthaneitherthetest
specimen or the cold plate.
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the steady-
state heat flow through the meter section of a specimen when
NOTE3—Mostguarded-hot-plateapparatusaredesignedforthedouble-
2
a guarded-hot-plate apparatus or thin-heater apparatus is used sided mode of operation (1). Consequently, the cold plate and the
auxiliary cold plate are the same size and the specimen and the auxiliary
in the single-sided mode of operation.
insulation will have the same lateral dimensions, although the thickness
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use
may be different. Some guarded-hot-plate apparatus, however, are de-
signed specifically for testing only a single specimen that may be either
in conjunction with either Test Method C177 or C1114 for
larger or smaller in lateral dimensions than that auxiliary insulation or the
testing a single specimen. This practice is limited to only the
auxiliary cold plate.
single-sidedmodeofoperation,and,inallotherparticulars,the
1.5 This practice can be used for both low- and high-
requirements of either Test Method C177 or C1114 apply.
temperature conditions.
NOTE 1—Test Methods C177 and C1114 describe the use of the
guarded-hot-plate and thin-heater apparatus, respectively, for determining 1.6 This practice shall not be used when operating an
steady-state heat flux and thermal transmission properties of flat-slab
apparatus in a double-sided mode of operation with a known
specimens. In principle, these methods cover both the double- and
and unknown specimen, that is, with the two cold plates at
single-sided mode of operation, and at present, do not distinguish between
similar temperatures so that the temperature differences across
the accuracies for the two modes of operation. When appropriate, thermal
the known and unknown specimens are similar.
transmission properties shall be calculated in accordance with Practice
C1045.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 This practice requires that the cold plates of the appa- safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ratus have independent temperature controls. For the single- responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sidedmodeofoperation,a(single)specimenisplacedbetween priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the hot plate and the cold plate.Auxiliary thermal insulation, if bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
needed, is placed between the hot plate and the auxiliary cold
plate. The auxiliary cold plate and the hot plate are maintained
2. Referenced Documents
at essentially the same temperature. Ideally, the heat flow from
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the meter plate is assumed to flow only through the specimen,
3
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
so that the thermal transmission properties correspond only to
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
the specimen.
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
3
NOTE 2—The double-sided mode of operation requires similar speci-
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
mensplacedoneithersideofthehotplate.Thecoldplatesthatcontactthe
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
outer surfaces of these specimens are maintained at essentially the same 3
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
temperature. The electric power supplied to the meter plate is assumed to
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
result in equal heat flow through the meter section of each specimen, so
3
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
that the thermal transmission properties correspond to an average for the
two specimens.
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
1.4 This practice does not preclude the use of a guarded-
hot-plate apparatus in which the auxiliary cold plate may be
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal this standard.
3
Measurement. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published Ju
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1044–07 Designation: C1044 – 12
Standard Practice for
Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater
1
Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the steady-state heat flow through the meter section of a specimen when a
guarded-hot-plate apparatus or thin-heater apparatus is used in the single-sided mode of operation.
1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with either Test Method C177 or C1114 for testing
asinglespecimen.Thispracticeislimitedtoonlythesingle-sidedmodeofoperation,and,inallotherparticulars,therequirements
of either Test Method C177 or C1114 apply.
NOTE 1—Test Methods C177 and C1114 describe the use of the guarded-hot-plate and thin-heater apparatus, respectively, for determining steady-state
heat flux and thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, these methods cover both the double- and single-sided mode of
operation, and at present, do not distinguish between the accuracies for the two modes of operation. When appropriate, thermal transmission properties
shall be calculated in accordance with Practice C1045.
1.3 Thispracticerequiresthatthecoldplatesoftheapparatushaveindependenttemperaturecontrols.Forthesingle-sidedmode
of operation, a (single) specimen is placed between the hot plate and the cold plate. Auxiliary thermal insulation, if needed, is
placed between the hot plate and the auxiliary cold plate. The auxiliary cold plate and the hot plate are maintained at essentially
the same temperature. Ideally, the heat flow from the meter plate is assumed to flow only through the specimen, so that the thermal
transmission properties correspond only to the specimen.
NOTE 2—The double-sided mode of operation requires similar specimens placed on either side of the hot plate. The cold plates that contact the outer
surfacesofthesespecimensaremaintainedatessentiallythesametemperature.Theelectricpowersuppliedtothemeterplateisassumedtoresultinequal
heat flow through the meter section of each specimen, so that the thermal transmission properties correspond to an average for the two specimens.
1.4 This practice does not preclude the use of a guarded-hot-plate apparatus in which the auxiliary cold plate may be either
larger or smaller in lateral dimensions than either the test specimen or the cold plate.
2
NOTE 3—Most guarded-hot-plate apparatus are designed for the double-sided mode of operation (1). Consequently, the cold plate and the auxiliary
cold plate are the same size and the specimen and the auxiliary insulation will have the same lateral dimensions, although the thickness may be different.
Some guarded-hot-plate apparatus, however, are designed specifically for testing only a single specimen that may be either larger or smaller in lateral
dimensions than that auxiliary insulation or the auxiliary cold plate.
1.5 This practice can be used for both low- and high-temperature conditions.
1.6 Thispracticeshallnotbeusedwhenoperatinganapparatusinadouble-sidedmodeofoperationwithaknownandunknown
specimen, that is, with the two cold plates at similar temperatures so that the temperature differences across the known and
unknown specimens are similar.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
3
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermalInsulationandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC16.30onThermalMeasurement.
Current edition approved Sept.March 1, 2007.2012. Published September 2007.March 2012. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 19982007
as C1044–98(2003).C1044 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/C1044-07.10.1520/C1044-12.
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The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the en
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