ASTM D4195-08
(Guide)Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The performance of RO or NF membranes is strongly influenced by the composition of the feed solution. Overall salt rejection is dependent upon the ratio of monovalent to polyvalent ions as well as the sum total of ions present. The permeate flow rate of RO or NF devices is also dependent upon the sum total of the ions present and the operating temperature, pressure, and recovery rate. Analyses and measurements performed in this guide will provide vital data for salt rejection and permeate flow projections of RO or NF systems for specific feedwaters.
The recovery at which a RO or NF system can be safely operated is dependent upon the composition of the feed solution. The analyses and measurements performed inthis guide will provide data for the calculation of the maximum recovery of a RO or NF system for a given feed solution.
The analyses and measurements performed in this guide will be of great assistance in determining the pretreatment requirements for a RO or NF system on a given feedwater.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed on any given water sample if reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) application is being considered.
1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters.
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a delineation of all ions known to exist in waters.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4195 −08
StandardGuide for
Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
1
Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
D1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water
1.1 This guide covers the analyses that should be performed
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
on any given water sample if reverse osmosis (RO) or
D1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water (Withdrawn
nanofiltration (NF) application is being considered.
3
2007)
1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish
D2579 Test Method for Total Organic Carbon in Water
waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste 3
(Withdrawn 2002)
waters.
D3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a Seawater, and Brines
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
delineation of all ions known to exist in waters.
D3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Absorption Spectrophotometry
standard.
D3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D4382 TestMethodforBariuminWater,AtomicAbsorption
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
2. Referenced Documents
Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2.2 American Public Health Association:
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
Wastewater, Sixteenth Edition, 1985, pp. 470–478, Part
4
D513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide
427, Sulfite
in Water
3. Terminology
D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
D857 Test Method for Aluminum in Water
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
refer to Terminology D1129 and D6161.
D859 Test Method for Silica in Water
4. Summary of Guide
D888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
4.1 This guide consists of analyzing water samples for ions,
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
gases, suspended material, and organics, as well as measuring
the pH and temperature of the water.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is 5. Significance and Use
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
5.1 The performance of RO or NF membranes is strongly
Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally influenced by the composition of the feed solution. Overall salt
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4195 – 88 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D4195-08.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on American Public HealthAssociation, 800 I Street, NWWashington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.apha.org/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4195−08
rejection is dependent upon the ratio of monovalent to poly- in accordance with the documents referenced in Section 2 of
valent ions as well as the sum total of ions present. The thisguide.Theresultsmaybeexpressedas(a)mg/Lastheion;
permeateflowrateofROorNFdevicesisalsodependentupon (b) mg/L as calcium carbonate; or (c) meq/L as the ion.
the sum total of the ions present and the operating temperature,
NOTE 1—If the analysis is complete, the total cations and total anions
pressure, and recovery rate. Analyses and measurements per-
(expressedasmg/Lcalciumcarbonateormeq/Lasthei
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 4195–88 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: D 4195 – 08
Standard Guide for
Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
1
Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisguidecoverstheanalysesthatshouldbeperformedonanygivenwatersampleifreverseosmosis(RO)ornanofiltration
(NF) application is being considered.
1.2 This guide is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters.
1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a delineation of all ions known to exist in waters.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 511Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water
2
D512Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water 511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water
2
D513Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Water 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D515Test Methods for Phosphorus in Water 513 Test Methods for Total and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide in Water
D 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
D 857 Test Method for Aluminum in Water
D 858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D 859 Test Method for Silica in Water
D 888 Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water
D 1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
D 1253 Test Methods for Residual Chlorine in Water
D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D1428Test Methods for Sodium and Potassium in Water and Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry (Method A)
4
D 1888Test Methods for Particulate and Dissolved Matter in Water
2
D 1889Test Methods for Turbidity of Water 1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water
D 2579 Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water
D 3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines byAtomicAbsorption
Spectrophotometry
D 3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in Water
2
D4189Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of Water
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water,Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion Exchange
Materials.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003.May 1, 2008. Published August 2003.May 2008. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 19982003 as
D4195–88(1998).D 4195 – 88 (2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 11.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4195–08
6
D 4194Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices 4189 Test Method for Silt
Density Index (SDI) of Water
2
D4382Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace 4194 Test Methods for
Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
D 4382 Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
D 6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
2.2 American Public Health Association:
3
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Sixteenth Edition, 1985, pp. 470–478, Part 427, Sulfite
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D 1129 and D 6161.
3.2Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1For description of terms r
...
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