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ASTM D3739-19

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis

Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the design and operation of RO installations, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the difference in passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate ion, and free carbon dioxide, the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream will generally be quite different from those of the feed solution. This practice permits the calculation of the Langelier saturation index for the concentrate stream from the feed water analyses and the RO operating parameters.  
5.2 A positive Langelier saturation index indicates the tendency to form a calcium carbonate scale, which can be damaging to RO performance. This practice gives various procedures for the adjustment of the Langelier saturation index.  
5.3 The tendency to form calcium carbonate scale can be suppressed by the addition of antiscalents or crystal modifiers. Suppliers of antisealents and crystal modifiers can provide information on the scale inhibition peformance of these types of chemical. Their use may be appropriate for reducing scale formation in RO systems. The RO system supplier should be consulted prior to the use of antisealents and crystal modifiers to ensure they will not have a negative impact on the RO system.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of the Langelier saturation index for the concentrate stream of a reverse osmosis (RO) device. This index is used to determine the need for calcium carbonate (CaCo3) scale control in the operation and design of RO installations. This practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing 10 to 10 000 mg/L of total dissolved solids. For concentrate containing over 10 000 mg/L, see Practice D4582.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2019
ICS
07.030 - Physics. Chemistry
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6161-19 - Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019

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ASTM D3739-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse OsmosisASTM D3739-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
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ASTM D3739-19 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3739 − 19
Standard Practice for
Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation
1
Index for Reverse Osmosis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3739; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1888 MethodsOfTestforParticulateandDissolvedMatter
3
in Water (Withdrawn 1989)
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
the Langelier saturation index for the concentrate stream of a
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
reverse osmosis (RO) device. This index is used to determine
D4195 Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and
the need for calcium carbonate (CaCo ) scale control in the
3
Nanofiltration Application
operation and design of RO installations. This practice is
D4582 Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff
applicable for concentrate streams containing 10 to 10 000
and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis (With-
mg/Lof total dissolved solids. For concentrate containing over
3
drawn 2019)
10 000 mg⁄L, see Practice D4582.
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Nanofiltration,andReverseOsmosisMembraneProcesses
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminologies D1129 and D6161.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 For descriptions of terms relating to RO, refer to Test
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Methods D4194.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 Langelier saturation index, n—an index calculated
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
from total dissolved solids, calcium concentration, total
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
alkalinity, pH, and solution temperature that shows the ten-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dency of a water solution to precipitate or dissolve calcium
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
carbonate.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Practice
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the Langelier satu-
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water ration index for a RO concentrate stream from the total
D1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
dissolved solids, calcium ion content, total alkalinity, pH, and
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water temperature of the feed solution, and the recovery of the RO
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water system.
4.2 This practice also presents techniques to lower the
Langelier saturation index by decreasing the recovery, by
decreasing the calcium content of the feedwater, or by chang-
ing the ratio of total alkalinity to free carbon dioxide (CO)in
2
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
the feedwater.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved
in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3739 – 06 (2010), which was
5.1 In the design and operation of RO installations, it is
withdrawn January 2019 and reinstated in July 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D3739-19.
importanttopredictthecalciumcarbonatescalingpropertiesof
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3739 − 19
the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in total 1 2 Y SP
~ !
Ca
Ca 5 Ca 3 (3)
c f
dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the differenc
...

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