ASTM F2898-11(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Permeability of Synthetic Turf Sports Field Base Stone and Surface System by Non-confined Area Flood Test Method
Standard Test Method for Permeability of Synthetic Turf Sports Field Base Stone and Surface System by Non-confined Area Flood Test Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine in-place permeability of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field systems with pad and or premolded drainage boards, playing field systems with premolded panel base systems, porous and non porous pavement systems in order to confirm compliance with design specifications and or evaluate existing as-built conditions. The simplicity of the test method, the quickness of the procedure, and the limited requirement for special tools and apparatus’ makes this ideal for performing a large quantity of tests over a large area such as a sports field.
5.2 Synthetic turf field systems tend to drain under several flow regimes. The first flow regime is surface flow where water travels across the surface from typically higher elevations to lower elevations. The second flow regime is flow through the turf surface and base system. The third flow regime is lateral flow, which has two parts. Lateral flow within the section of the turf surface and lateral flow within the pre-molded drainage board, porous pavement and or base stone system below the turf. These are depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Basic Flow Regime Diagram
5.3 This test method can provide owners, designers and turf system builders with a clear indication of actual in-field permeability flow rates with limited effect of lateral flow through base systems and no effect from head pressure.
5.4 This test method can be used to determine the effectiveness of treatments intended to reduce the effect of hydrophobicity which has been known to decrease the permeability of some synthetic turf infill materials and components.
5.5 The observable performance of the test method enables one to determine permeability by both a quantitative and qualitative measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the permeability rate of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field systems with pad or premolded drainage boards, or both, playing field systems with premolded panel base systems, porous and non porous pavement systems, or base stone systems in the field, or a combination thereof, by non-confined area flood test method. This system is suitable for use on the finish synthetic turf playing surface and on the stone base system below the playing system.
1.2 This test method is applicable for synthetic turf playing field systems and stone bases where system is designed for permeability through the synthetic turf surface and or through a base stone surface. It is also suitable for synthetic turf playing systems that are directly underlined with resilient and nonresilient pre-molded drainage boards systems and porous pavement base systems. The method tests a larger surface area than confined ring test methods and decreases the effect lateral flow within the surface and or stone base system due to the large increase in the ratio of test surface area to the synthetic turf playing system and stone base system thickness. The method is intended to more accurately mimic natural storm flow conditions by eliminating the effect of head pressure created by the water column height which creates a pressure flow condition at the surface of the test area that does not exist naturally.
1.3 This test method is intended for finish-graded and compacted stone or finished surfaces that are installed with cross-slope gradients of less than 2.0 % or under conditions where the effect of cross-slope is mitigated by high system permeability. High sloping systems tend to have high sloping base systems which may impact results due to increases in the lateral flow within the section caused increased hydraulic energy caused by larger slopes.
1.4 This test method is not applicable for conditions or locations in-which surface flow, due to high surface cross-slope or proximity, carries water flow from the test site to surface and subsurface drainage trenches or structures.
1.5 Further, this...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F2898 −11 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Permeability of Synthetic Turf Sports Field Base Stone and
Surface System by Non-confined Area Flood Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope orproximity,carrieswaterflowfromthetestsitetosurfaceand
subsurface drainage trenches or structures.
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the perme-
ability rate of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing field
1.5 Further, this test method may be impacted if preformed
systems with pad or premolded drainage boards, or both,
directly after a significant rainfall event in cases where the
playing field systems with premolded panel base systems,
downstream capacity of the receiving drainage system is taxed
porous and non porous pavement systems, or base stone
to the extent that water backs up in the downstream system.
systems in the field, or a combination thereof, by non-confined
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
area flood test method. This system is suitable for use on the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
finish synthetic turf playing surface and on the stone base
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
system below the playing system.
and are not considered standard.
1.2 This test method is applicable for synthetic turf playing
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
field systems and stone bases where system is designed for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
permeability through the synthetic turf surface and or through
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
abasestonesurface.Itisalsosuitableforsyntheticturfplaying
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
systems that are directly underlined with resilient and nonre-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
silient pre-molded drainage boards systems and porous pave-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
ment base systems. The method tests a larger surface area than
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
confined ring test methods and decreases the effect lateral flow
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
within the surface and or stone base system due to the large
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
increase in the ratio of test surface area to the synthetic turf
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
playing system and stone base system thickness.The method is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
intended to more accurately mimic natural storm flow condi-
tions by eliminating the effect of head pressure created by the
2. Referenced Documents
water column height which creates a pressure flow condition at
the surface of the test area that does not exist naturally.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1551 Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of
1.3 This test method is intended for finish-graded and
Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
compacted stone or finished surfaces that are installed with
cross-slope gradients of less than 2.0 % or under conditions
3. Terminology
where the effect of cross-slope is mitigated by high system
permeability. High sloping systems tend to have high sloping
3.1 Definitions:
base systems which may impact results due to increases in the
3.1.1 area of test site, n—the area of test site is the surface
lateral flow within the section caused increased hydraulic
area in square feet of the test site area.
energy caused by larger slopes.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This surface area represents an ap-
proximated and simplified shape of equal area such as a
1.4 This test method is not applicable for conditions or
rectangle that includes the full wetted area. Small fingers of
locationsin-whichsurfaceflow,duetohighsurfacecross-slope
non-wetted surface within the wetted area shall be ignored in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2898 – 11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2898-11R19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2898−11 (2019)
the surface approximation. It is assumed that these small 3.1.10 test site area, n—the area observed during the test to
fingers of non-wetted area are wetted below the surface within be wetted as a result of the 25-gal test procedure.
the test site.
3.1.11 water supply source valve, n—the shutoff valve or
3.1.2 dry surface, n—a dry surface after testing or saturation
hose bib at the source.
is defined as follows:
3.1.2.1 dry stone base surface, n—a surface where water is 4. Summary of Test Method
no longer visible as ponded water on or above the surface of
4.1 A plastic or other waterproof lightweight material con-
the stone.
tainer of 5 US gal (18.95 L), full volume, is filled using a water
3.1.2.2 Discussion—After saturation or testing the surface
source with a relatively constant flow to determine test flow
will be moist and water may be visible within the surface rate, and which is then allowed to overflow the container at the
voids.
calculated flow rate onto the test site area in an unconfined
3.1.2.3 dry synthetic turf surface, n—a surface where water manner. The amount of time, in seconds, required to fill the
is no longer visible on the surface, and water will no longer container to the point of overtopping (overflowing) is set as the
pump to the surface when walked upon. 5-gal flow rate of the test.
3.1.2.4 Discussion—After saturation or testing the surface
4.2 The container shall be leveled using the water level
will be moist and water maybe visible within the fiber and or across the top of the container as the gauge. Leveling the
infill matrix.
container is accomplished using wood wedges, shims or
3.1.3 flow rate control valve, n—located between the on-off similar devices. This leveling is intended to allow a somewhat
valve at the outlet hose and the water supply source valve, it is
uniform flow overtopping the full circumference of the top
intended to allow the flow rate to be throttled back to a lower edge of the container.
flow rate if needed.
4.3 A splash board made of plywood or other material can
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Thissecondaryvalveisneededincases
be placed below the container to control the erosive forces
where the unmodified source flow rate exceeds 10 gal per
associated with the falling water on the test surface. This is not
minute. A flow rate of 10 gal per minute will fill the 5-gal
required however may be helpful during the procedure.
container in 30 s which makes the procedure subject to flow
rate errors due to the time necessary to open flow and record
4.4 The test site area is pre-saturated by a volume of
times.Thesecondaryvalveisnecessarytomitigatesucherrors. approximately 50 US gal (189.5 L) of water which has
overflowed the container onto the surface and allowed to
3.1.4 hydrophobicity, n—the physical property of a mol-
spread in an unconfined manner. This volume of water is then
ecule that is repelled from a mass of water.
allowed to dissipate into the surface system or stone base until
3.1.4.1 hydrophobic, n—materials that repel water and may
the surface is considered to be a dry surface. The 50 US gal
prevent water molecules from passing through a field cross-
(189.5 L) volume is metered based on the multiplying the time
section.
to fill the 5 gal container by a factor of 10.0. The 50 US gal
3.1.5 on-off valve, n—located on the discharge end of the
(189.5 L) volume represents a volume equivalent to 1.0 in.
hosenearesttothewaterdischargepoint,itwillallowthetester
(25.4 mm) of rain, applied without the effect of a hydraulic
to turn the water from the fully off position to the fully open 2 2
head, over an 80 ft (7.43 m ) area. At the point when the
position with minimal variation in flow during the period that
pre-wetted area on the surface is considered a dry surface the
the valve is turned from the open to closed positions or vice a
site is considered pre-saturated and ready for the 25 gal test
versa.
volume.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—A quarter turn ball valve or similar
4.5 The site is then flooded by the unconfined container
quick on-off valve must be used at this location.
overflowof25USgal(94.75L)ofwaterwhichhasoverflowed
3.1.6 permeability, n—a measure of the ability of a porous
the container onto the surface and allowed to spread in an
material to transmit fluids.
unconfined manner. This volume of water is then allowed to
3.1.6.1 Discussion—For the purpose of this standard, per-
dissipate into the surface system or stone base until the surface
meability applies to transmission of water both vertically and
is considered to be a dry surface. The 25 US gal (94.75 L)
horizontally through a system.
volume is metered based on the multiplying the time to fill 5
3.1.7 surface system, n—the finish grade top surface of the
gal container by a factor of 5.0. The 25 US gal (94.75 L)
synthetic turf playing field and any resilient padding and or
volume represents an approximate volume equivalent to 0.5 in.
pre-molded drainage boards and or pre-molded panel base
(12.7 mm) of rain, applied without the effect of a hydraulic
systems located directly below the synthetic turf carpet.
2 2
head, over an 80 ft (7.43 m ) area. The inclusive time period
3.1.8 surfactant, n—wetting agents that lower the surface
in seconds, from the start of container overflow to the point
tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading, and lower the
when the wetted surface of the test area is considered to be a
interfacial tension between water molecules and other materi-
dry surface, is recorded. This time period is identified as the
als. Surfactants can be used to reduce hydrophobicity.
time to dry.The wetted surface area of the test site is measured
3.1.9 test flow rate, n—the water flow rate of the water to determine the area of test site. Using the measured area of
supply at the hose outlet for the water source used during the the test site and the actual volume of the 25 US gal test, a
test period. permeability rate is calculated.
F2898−11 (2019)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method can be used to determine in-place
permeability of synthetic turf playing field systems, playing
field systems with pad and or premolded drainage boards,
playing field systems with premolded panel base systems,
porous and non porous pavement systems in order to confirm
compliance with design specifications and or evaluate existing
as-built conditions. The simplicity of the test method, the
quickness of the procedure, and the limited requirement for
special tools and apparatus’ makes this ideal for performing a
large quantity of tests over a large area such as a sports field.
5.2 Synthetic turf field systems tend to drain under several
flowregimes.Thefirstflowregimeissurfaceflowwherewater
travels across the surface from typically higher elevations to
lower elevations. The second flow regime is flow through the
turf surface and base system. The third flow regime is lateral
flow,whichhastwoparts.Lateralflowwithinthesectionofthe
turf surface and lateral flow within the pre-molded drainage
board, porous pavement and or base stone system below the
turf. These are depicted diagrammatically in Fig. 1.
5.3 This test method can provide owners, designers and turf
system builders with a clear indication of actual in-field
permeability flow rates with limited effect of lateral flow
FIG. 2Test Container Diagram
through base systems and no effect from head pressure.
5.4 This test method can be used to determine the effective-
ness of treatments intended to reduce the effect of hydropho-
7.1.1 The container shall be container clean of any debris or
bicity which has been known to decrease the permeability of
chemicals that may act as a surfactant.
some synthetic turf infill materials and components.
NOTE 1—Soap residue can act as a surfactant which may reduce
5.5 The observable performance of the test method enables
hydrophobicity and impact the results of the test method.
one to determine permeability by both a quantitative and
7.1.2 The container volume must be measured and con-
qualitative measure.
firmed prior to the test and the actual measured volume
6. Interferences
recorded in the test report. Volume shall be measured to the
6.1 The test site should be free from surface drains or other nearest 0.1 US gal (0.4 L).
conditions that would result in nonrepresentative permeability
NOTE2—Foreaseofcalculation,thecontainervolumecanbemeasured
rates.Otherconditionssuchasopengradedcleanstonedirectly
and a base fill line near the container bottom representing the excess
exposed at the surface would be expected to impact the test
volume over the 5.0 gal quantity can be added to allow the testing volume
tobeconsistently5.0gal.Inthiscase,thebasefilllinerepresentsthepoint
results.
at which 5.0 gal of volume is above the line.
6.2 In fields where collector piping backfill is open-graded
7.1.3 The container should be equipped with a suitable
and brought to the stone surface, care should be taken to
handle for moving the full bucket into and out of the test site.
located test sites such that impact from these areas is avoided
or clearly noted in the test report.
NOTE3—Itisrecommendedthatwaterfromthecontainernotbepoured
onto the test site until the procedure is completed and that care should be
7. Apparatus
taken to avoid damaging fine graded surfaces by aggressively pouring
excess water from the container onto the test area.
7.1 Plastic Container, with a measured and confirmed
volume of approximately 5 US gal (18.95 L). See Fig. 2. 7.2 Constant Water Source:
FIG. 1Basic Flow Regime Diagram
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