ASTM A503/A503M-01(2011)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts
Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts
ABSTRACT
This test specification deals with the acceptance specifications for the ultrasonic examination of forged steel crankshafts. This practice is applicable to both solid (slab) forged and continuous grain flow crankshafts. Specimens shall be divided into three volumetric zones, namely: the major critical sections (Zone 1), which includes the heavily loaded areas of the crankpins, webs, and main bearings; the minor critical sections (Zone 2), which includes the balance of the surface areas of the main bearing and crankpin journals and adjacent fillets, flanges, and gear fit areas; and Zone 3, which includes the balance of the crankshaft, and the remaining sections of the webs. The crankshafts shall be examined after heat treatment, but before machining geometric features such as chamfers and oil holes. Acceptance zones and criteria for both types of crankshafts are discussed briefly.
SCOPE
1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the ultrasonic inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing journals or crankpins 4 in. [100 mm] or larger in diameter.
1.2 This specification covers the testing equipment required and the test procedure to be followed, and it defines the critical and noncritical areas and limits of acceptance.
1.3 This specification is intended to cover both continuous grain flow (CGF) crankshafts for medium and high speed diesel engines as well as solid (slab) forged crankshafts for other applications.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the inch-pound units shall be used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:A503/A503M −01(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA503/A503M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 American National Standard:
ANSI B46.1, Surface Texture
1.1 This is an acceptance specification for the ultrasonic
inspection of forged steel crankshafts having main bearing
3. Terminology
journals or crankpins 4 in. [100 mm] or larger in diameter.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This specification covers the testing equipment required
3.1.1 continuous grain flow crankshafts—produced by a
and the test procedure to be followed, and it defines the critical
process in which the solidification centerline of the original
and noncritical areas and limits of acceptance.
ingot or starting stock is maintained through the main bearings,
1.3 This specification is intended to cover both continuous
webs, crankpins, and flanges of the finished crankshaft, usually
grain flow (CGF) crankshafts for medium and high speed
by means of closed die forging.
diesel engines as well as solid (slab) forged crankshafts for
3.1.2 solid (slab) forged crankshafts—made from open die
other applications.
forgings such that the grain flow in the webs is essentially
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
parallel to the major axis of the forging and the crankpins are
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as the standard.
offset from the forging centerline by machining. They may be
Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets.
set in the correct orientation by a hot twisting operation.
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyof
the other. Combining values from the two systems may result
4. Ordering Information
in nonconformance with the specification.
4.1 It is necessary that the crankshaft be identified as being
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
either continuous grain flow or solid (slab) forged.
tion designation, the inch-pound units shall be used.
4.2 Unless otherwise specified by means of supplementary
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ordering information, the test methods and acceptance criteria
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for the appropriate crankshaft type shall be used.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus and Personnel Requirements
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The apparatus and personnel requirements shall be in
2. Referenced Documents
accordance with Practice A388/A388M. For standardization
2.1 ASTM Standards: purposes, it is recommended that final acceptance be based on
the use of 2–5 MHz transducers.
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Forgings
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other 6. Critical Sections
than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic
6.1 Thedivisionofacrankshaftintothreevolumetriczones,
Testing
as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, for the purpose of ultrasonic
examination evaluation is applicable to both solid (slab) forged
and continuous grain flow crankshafts.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.2 The major critical sections shown as Zone 1 in Fig. 1
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
include the heavily loaded areas of the crankpins, webs, and
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
main bearings.
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A503/A503M – 01
(2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0503_A0503M-01R11.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
the ASTM website. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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A503/A503M−01 (2011)
FIG. 1Crankshaft UT Acceptance Zones
FIG. 3Distance to Indication as Percentage of Cross-section
8. Procedure
FIG. 2Scanning Directions
8.1 The crankshaft should be examined after heat treatment,
but before machining geometric features such as chamfers and
oil holes that could interfere with ultrasonic examination.
6.3 The minor critical sections shown as Zone 2 in Fig. 1
8.2 Unless otherwise specified by the purchase order, the
includethebalanceofthesurfaceareasofthemainbearingand
scanned surfaces
...
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