ASTM D1938-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
Standard Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is of value in rating the tear-propagation resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable thickness. For highly extensible film or sheeting the deformation energy of the specimen legs is significantly greater than the tearing energy. The tear-propagation resistance in slightly extensible or non-extensible film or sheeting is distinguished from the tear-propagation resistance in highly extensible film or sheeting by the load-time or load-displacement data, (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The tear-propagation force for slightly extensible or non-extensible material is determined from the average tear force versus the initial and peak force for a highly extensible material.
FIG. 1 Load-Time Chart for Low-Extensible Film
FIG. 2 Load-Time Chart for Highly Extensible Film
5.2 This test method shall be used for specification acceptance testing only after it has been demonstrated that the data for the particular material are acceptably reproducible.
5.3 The data obtained by this test method furnish information for ranking the tear-propagation resistance of plastic films and sheeting of similar composition. Actual use performance may not necessarily correlate with data from this test method. Sets of data from specimens of dissimilar thickness are usually not comparable.
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM material specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 of Classification Systems D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force necessary to propagate a tear in plastic film and thin sheeting (thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) or less) by a single-tear method. The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where brittle failures occur during testing.
Note 1: Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test—This test method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the test specimen.
1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test method by grip separation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: This standard is similar to ISO 6383-1, but is not considered technically equivalent. The specimen size for ISO 6383-1 is larger, and the method specifies different test speeds.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1938 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film
1
and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force
2.1 ASTM Standards:
necessary to propagate a tear in plastic film and thin sheeting
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
(thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) or less) by a single-tear method.
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material
Sheeting
where brittle failures occur during testing.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
NOTE 1—Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal
als
thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test—This test
Plastics Specimens
method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips
D6988 GuideforDeterminationofThicknessofPlasticFilm
holding the test specimen.
Test Specimens
1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
method by grip separation.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ASTM Test Methods
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
information only.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 ISO Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO 6383-1 Film and Sheeting—Determination of Tear Re-
3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sistance Part 1 Trouser Tear Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—This standard is similar to ISO 6383-1, but is not considered
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
technicallyequivalent.ThespecimensizeforISO6383-1islarger,andthe
method, refer to Terminology D883.
method specifies different test speeds.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1 The force to propagate a tear across a film or sheeting
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- specimen is measured using a constant-rate-of-grip separation
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical machine as described in Test Methods D882 and is calculated
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. from the load-time chart.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Molded Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1938 – 14. DOI: Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D1938-19. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1938 − 19
FIG. 1 Load-Time Chart for Low-Extensible Film
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is of value in rating the tear-
FIG. 2 Load-Time Chart for Highly Extensible Film
propagationresistanceofvariousplasticfilmsandthinsheeting
of comparable thickness. For highly extensible film or sheeting
the deformation energy of the specimen legs is significantly
used only if alignment can be verified when the test specimen
greater than the tearing energy.The tear-propagation resistance
is inserted and clamped so that the long axis of the test
in sligh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1938 − 14 D1938 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film
1
and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force necessary to propagate a tear in plastic film and thin sheeting
(thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) or less) by a single-tear method. The method is not applicable for film or sheeting material where
brittle failures occur during testing.
NOTE 1—Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Grip Separation Test—This test method employs a constant rate of separation of the grips holding the test
specimen.
1.2.1 Specimen extension may be measured in this test method by grip separation.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—This standard is similar to ISO 6383-1, but is not considered technically equivalent. The specimen size for ISO 6383-1 is larger, and the
method specifies different test speeds.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test Specimens
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
ISO 6383-1 Film and Sheeting—Determination of Tear Resistance Part 1 Trouser Tear Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D883.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014April 1, 2019. Published December 2014May 2019. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
D1938 – 08.14. DOI: 10.1520/D1938-14.10.1520/D1938-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1938 − 19
FIG. 1 Load-Time Chart for Low-Extensible Film
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The force to propagate a tear across a film or sheeting specimen is measured using a constant-rate-of-grip separation
machine as described in Test Methods D882 and is calculated from the load-time chart.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is of value in rating the tear-propagation resistance of various plastic films and thin sheeting of comparable
thickness. For highly extensible film or sheeting the deformation energy of the specimen legs is significantly greater than the
teari
...
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