ASTM D7042-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products.
Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, η, and the density, ρ, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, ν, can be obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, η, by the density, ρ, obtained at the same test temperature.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).
1.3 The precision has only been determined for those materials, viscosity ranges, density ranges, and temperatures as indicated in Section 15 on Precision and Bias. The test method can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Section 15 on Precision and Bias, the precision and bias may not be applicable.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7042–12
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger
1
Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2162 PracticeforBasicCalibrationofMasterViscometers
and Viscosity Oil Standards
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversandspecifiesaprocedureforthe
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, h, and
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
thedensity, r,ofliquidpetroleumproductsandcrudeoils,both
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, n, can be
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, h, by the density,
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
r, obtained at the same test temperature.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent
Measurement System Performance
upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
toliquidsforwhichprimarilytheshearstressandshearrateare
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).
Lubricants
1.3 The precision has only been determined for those
D6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single
materials,viscosityranges,densityranges,andtemperaturesas
Test Result from Standard Material
indicated in Section 15 on Precision and Bias. The test method
D6708 PracticeforStatisticalAssessmentandImprovement
can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density,
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
and temperature. For materials not listed in Section 15 on
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
Precision and Bias, the precision and bias may not be appli-
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
cable.
ISO 5725 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measure-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ment methods and results
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
standard.
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
2.3 Other Documents:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NIST Technical Note 1297 Guideline for Evaluating and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Expressing the Uncertainty of NISTMeasurement Results
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Definitions:
2
3.1.1 density (r), n—mass per unit volume.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 dynamic viscosity (h), n—the ratio between the ap-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
plied shear stress and rate of shear of a liquid.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—It is sometimes called the coefficient of
ity)
dynamic viscosity or, simply, viscosity. Thus, dynamic viscos-
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
ity is a measure of the resistance to flow or to deformation of
a liquid under external shear forces.
3.1.2.2 Discussion—The term dynamic viscosity can also
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
be used in a different context to denote a frequency-dependent
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
quantity in which shear stress and shear rate have a sinusoidal
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally
time dependence.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7042–11a.
DOI:10.1520/D7042-12.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
the ASTM website. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United State
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7042–11a Designation:D7042–12
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger
1
Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers and specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, h, and the
density, r, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, n, can be obtained
by dividing the dynamic viscosity, h, by the density, r, obtained at the same test temperature.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to
liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).
1.3While the precision has only been determined for base oils in the viscosity range from 2.05 to 456 mPa·s at 40°C and from
3
0.83 to 31.6 mPa·s at 100°C and in the density range from 0.82 to 0.92 g/cm at 15°C (see 15.5), the test method can be applied
to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Precision and Bias (Section
1.3 The precision has only been determined for those materials, viscosity ranges, density ranges, and temperatures as indicated
in Section 15 ), the precision and bias may not be applicable. on Precision and Bias. The test method can be applied to a wider
range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Section 15 on Precision and Bias, the precision
and bias may not be applicable.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100C
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from Standard Material
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 5725 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
4
2.3 Other Documents:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7042–11.
DOI:10.1520/D7042-11a.
Current edition approvedApril 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7042–11a. DOI:10.1520/D7042-
12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD
...
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