ASTM D7042-11a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products.
Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, η, and the density, ρ, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, ν, can be obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, η, by the density, ρ, obtained at the same test temperature.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).
1.3 While the precision has only been determined for base oils in the viscosity range from 2.05 to 456 mPa·s at 40°C and from 0.83 to 31.6 mPa·s at 100°C and in the density range from 0.82 to 0.92 g/cm3 at 15°C (see 15.5), the test method can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Precision and Bias (Section 15), the precision and bias may not be applicable.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7042–11a
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger
1
Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* and Viscosity Oil Standards
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversandspecifiesaprocedureforthe
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, h, and
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
thedensity, r,ofliquidpetroleumproductsandcrudeoils,both
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, n, can be
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, h, by the density,
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
r, obtained at the same test temperature.
Measurement System Performance
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
toliquidsforwhichprimarilytheshearstressandshearrateare
Lubricants
proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).
D6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single
1.3 While the precision has only been determined for base
Test Result from Standard Material
oils in the viscosity range from 2.05 to 456 mPa·s at 40°C and
D6708 PracticeforStatisticalAssessmentandImprovement
from0.83to31.6mPa·sat100°Candinthedensityrangefrom
3
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
0.82 to 0.92 g/cm at 15°C (see 15.5), the test method can be
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
temperature. For materials not listed in Precision and Bias
ISO 5725 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measure-
(Section 15), the precision and bias may not be applicable.
ment methods and results
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
standard.
4
2.3 Other Documents:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NIST Technical Note 1297 Guideline for Evaluating and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Expressing the Uncertainty of NISTMeasurement Results
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
3. Terminology
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 density (r), n—mass per unit volume.
2
3.1.2 dynamic viscosity (h), n—the ratio between the ap-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
plied shear stress and rate of shear of a liquid.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1.2.1 Discussion—It is sometimes called the coefficient of
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
dynamic viscosity or, simply, viscosity. Thus, dynamic viscos-
ity)
ity is a measure of the resistance to flow or to deformation of
D2162 PracticeforBasicCalibrationofMasterViscometers
a liquid under external shear forces.
3.1.2.2 Discussion—The term dynamic viscosity can also
be used in a different context to denote a frequency-dependent
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
quantity in which shear stress and shear rate have a sinusoidal
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
time dependence.
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7042–11.
DOI:10.1520/D7042-11a.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
the ASTM website. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7042–11 Designation:D7042–11a
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger
1
Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers and specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, h, and the
density, r, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, n, can be obtained
by dividing the dynamic viscosity, h, by the density, r, obtained at the same test temperature.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to
liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).
1.3 While the precision has only been determined for base oils in the viscosity range from 2.05 to 456 mPa·s at 40°C and from
3
0.83 to 31.6 mPa·s at 100°C and in the density range from 0.82 to 0.92 g/cm at 15°C (see 15.5), the test method can be applied
to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Precision and Bias (Section 15), the
precision and bias may not be applicable.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100C
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from Standard Material
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 5725 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
4
2.3 Other Documents:
NIST Technical Note 1297 Guideline for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density (r), n—mass per unit volume.
3.1.2 dynamic viscosity (h), n—the ratio between the applied shear stress and rate of shear of a liquid.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
CurrenteditionapprovedFeb.15,Oct.1,2011.PublishedMarchNovember2011.Originallyapprovedin2004.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin20102011asD7042–101.
DOI:10.1520/D7042-11a.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D7042–1
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