iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E2977-14

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) Spectrometers for Liquid Samples

Standard Practice for Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) Spectrometers for Liquid Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice permits an analyst to compare the performance of an NMR spectrometer for a particular test on any given day with the instrument's prior performance for that test. The practice can also provide sufficient quantitative performance information for problem diagnosis and solving. If complete information about how a test is carried out is supplied and sufficient replicates are collected to substantiate statistical relevance, the tests in this practice can be used to establish the setting and meeting of relevant performance specifications. This practice is not necessarily meant for the comparison of different instruments with each other, even if the instruments are of the same type and model. This practice is not meant for the comparison of the performance of different instruments operated under conditions differing from those specified for a particular test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and reporting the performance of Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (FT-NMRs) using liquid samples.  
1.2 This practice is not directly applicable to FT-NMR spectrometers outfitted to measure gaseous, anisotropically structured liquid, semi-solid, or solid samples; those set up to work with flowing sample streams; or those used to make hyperpolarization measurements.  
1.3 This practice was expressly developed for FT-NMR spectrometers operating with proton resonance frequencies between 200 and 1200 MHz.  
1.4 This practice is not directly applicable to continuous wave (scanning) NMR spectrometers.  
1.5 This practice is not directly applicable to instruments using single-sideband detection.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2014
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
Drafting Committee
E13.15 - Analytical Data
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM F3384-21 - Standard Specification for Polydioxanone Polymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4875-18 - Standard Test Methods of Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of the Polymerized Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyether Polyols
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2579-18 - Standard Specification for Amorphous Poly(lactide) and Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM D5017-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Composition by Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4273-23 - Standard Test Method for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Primary Hydroxyl Content of Polyether Polyols
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F1925-22 - Standard Specification for Semi-Crystalline Poly(lactide) Polymer and Copolymer Resins for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014
Referred By
ASTM F2313-18 - Standard Specification for Poly(glycolide) and Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Resins for Surgical Implants with Mole Fractions Greater Than or Equal to 70 % Glycolide
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014

Buy Standard

ASTM E2977-14 - Standard Practice for Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) Spectrometers for Liquid SamplesASTM E2977-14 - Standard Practice for Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) Spectrometers for Liquid Samples
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E2977-14 - Standard Practice for Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) Spectrometers for Liquid Samples
English language
30 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2977 − 14
StandardPractice for
Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) Spectrometers for
1
Liquid Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spec-
troscopy
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and
3
reporting the performance of Fourier-transform nuclear mag- 2.2 ISO Standard:
netic resonance spectrometers (FT-NMRs) using liquid ISOGuide31ReferenceMaterials—ContentsofCertificates
samples. and Labels
1.2 This practice is not directly applicable to FT-NMR
3. Terminology
spectrometers outfitted to measure gaseous, anisotropically
structured liquid, semi-solid, or solid samples; those set up to
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
work with flowing sample streams; or those used to make practice, refer to Terminology E131, Practice E386, and Refs
4
hyperpolarization measurements.
(1-4). Chemical shifts are usually given in the dimensionless
quantity, δ, commonly expressed in parts per million. For a
1.3 This practice was expressly developed for FT-NMR
given nucleus, the chemical shift scale is relative and is
spectrometers operating with proton resonance frequencies
commonly pegged to the resonance of an agreed upon refer-
between 200 and 1200 MHz.
ence material as described by Eq 1.
1.4 This practice is not directly applicable to continuous
δ 5 ~ν 2 ν ! ÷ν (1)
sample sample reference reference
wave (scanning) NMR spectrometers.
3.1.1 FrequenciesaregiveninHertz.Becausethenumerator
1.5 This practice is not directly applicable to instruments
is very small compared with the denominator, it is usually
using single-sideband detection.
convenient to express δ in parts per million.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.1.2 Asthelocationofaresonanceisdeterminedinpartby
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
the ratio of the magnetic field to the radio frequency at which
this standard.
it is observed, chemical shifts and spectral regions are often
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designated as lower frequency (increased shielding) or higher
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
frequency (decreased shielding) relative to a reference point.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Defined in this manner, chemical shifts are independent of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
either the magnetic field or the radio frequency used. Coupling
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
constants,whichareindependentofthemagneticfieldorradio
frequency used, are expressed in Hertz.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tube camber,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: n—maximum total deflection of any part of the outer wall of
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy the tube held at the ends and rotated 360°; a measure of the
E386Practice for Data Presentation Relating to High- bow in the tube.
3.1.4 NMR tube concentricity, n—maximum variation in
wall thickness of the tube; a measure of how centered the tube
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on
inside diameter is relative to the tube outer diameter.
Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E13.15 on Analytical Data.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published September 2014. DOI:
10.1520/E2977-14.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2977 − 14
4. Significance and Use resonances of impurities observed in the spectrum of the
standard sample should not interfere with the resonances of
4.1 This practice permits an analyst to compare the perfor-
interest in the standard sample. This usually means that the
mance of an NMR spectrometer for a particular test on any
impurity peaks shall not appear within the region of the
givendaywitht
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E2977-15(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Measuring and Reporting Performance of Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) Spectrometers for Liquid Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice permits an analyst to compare the performance of an NMR spectrometer for a particular test on any given day with the instrument's prior performance for that test. The practice can also provide sufficient quantitative performance information for problem diagnosis and solving. If complete information about how a test is carried out is supplied and sufficient replicates are collected to substantiate statistical relevance, the tests in this practice can be used to establish the setting and meeting of relevant performance specifications. This practice is not necessarily meant for the comparison of different instruments with each other, even if the instruments are of the same type and model. This practice is not meant for the comparison of the performance of different instruments operated under conditions differing from those specified for a particular test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and reporting the performance of Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (FT-NMRs) using liquid samples.  
1.2 This practice is not directly applicable to FT-NMR spectrometers outfitted to measure gaseous, anisotropically structured liquid, semi-solid, or solid samples; those set up to work with flowing sample streams; or those used to make hyperpolarization measurements.  
1.3 This practice was expressly developed for FT-NMR spectrometers operating with proton resonance frequencies between 200 MHz and 1200 MHz.  
1.4 This practice is not directly applicable to continuous wave (scanning) NMR spectrometers.  
1.5 This practice is not directly applicable to instruments using single-sideband detection.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    30 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1865-97(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP/FT-IR) Monitoring of Gases and Vapors in Air

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for users of OP/FT-IR monitors. Applications of OP/FT-IR systems include monitoring for hazardous air pollutants in ambient air, along the perimeter of an industrial facility, at hazardous waste sites and landfills, in response to accidental chemical spills or releases, and in workplace environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers active open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) monitors and provides guidelines for using active OP/FT-IR monitors to obtain concentrations of gases and vapors in air.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D445-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, η, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν, by the density, ρ, of the liquid.  
Note 1: For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.
Note 2: ISO 3104 corresponds to Test Method D445 – 03.  
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.  
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The SI unit used in this test method for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, and the SI unit used in this test method for dynamic viscosity is mPa·s. For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-6 m2/s = 1 cSt and 1 mPa·s = 1 cP = 0.001 Pa·s.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3277-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Liquid or Solid State of a Material by Rheometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shipping regulations often require the identification of a material as either a liquid or a solid. This test method may be used to make that determination for regulatory purposes. (See also Test Method D4359.)  
5.2 For liquid thermosetting resin, as cure progresses, the liquid resin becomes a solid. A thermosetting resin is more easily worked or shaped while in the liquid-like form and becomes more difficult to do so as the cure advances. The point at which the solid-like character becomes dominant is called the gel point and is considered to be the end of the period where the thermosetting resin is workable. Gel point is identified as that point where tan δ = 1 as determined in Test Method D4473.
Note 1: Gel point at ambient temperature is seldom a useful parameter. Use of this test method at the more useful elevated temperatures requires capabilities readily available but outside of 7.2.6, 7.2.7, and Section 10.  
5.3 This test method may be used in research, development, and for regulatory compliance.
SCOPE
1.1 Using rheometry, this test method determines, for regulatory purposes, whether a viscose viscous material is a liquid or a solid. Very small amounts of material (typically less than 3 g) may be used for this measurement.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4212-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Viscosity is a measure of the fluidity of a material. Viscosity data are useful in the determination of the ease of stirring, pumping, dip coating, or other flow-related properties of paints and related fluids.  
5.2 This type of cup is used to measure viscosity because it is easy to use, robust, and may be used in tanks, reservoirs, and reactors.  
5.3 There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that provide better precision and bias, including the Ford viscosity cup (Test Method D1200), and the rotational viscometer (Test Methods D2196).  
5.4 Certain higher shear rate devices such as cone/plate viscometers (Test Method D4287) provide more information about sprayability, roll coatability, and other high-shear rate related properties of coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should be used to check compliance with specifications only when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure adequate comparability of results.  
1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-Newtonian, for example, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another method, such as Test Methods D2196, should be used. Under controlled conditions, comparisons of the viscosity of non-newtonian materials may be helpful, but viscosity determination methods using controlled shear rate or shear stress are preferred.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1545-13(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids.  
1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8263/D8263M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Change in Mass of Rolled Erosion Control Products When Submerged in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Rolled erosion control products are intended to protect seed beds from erosion and provide an environment that encourages seed germination. Maintaining a moist environment by gradually releasing absorbed moisture helps provide a beneficial growth environment. The ability of a product to absorb moisture is commonly specified. This test method can be used for quality control and to determine product conformance to a specification.  
5.2 Change in mass of RECPs submerged in water may be used to control the quality of many RECPs. Change in mass of RECPs submerged in water has not been proven to relate to field performance for all materials.  
5.3 The change in mass of RECPs submerged in water may vary considerably depending on the composition of the materials used in the product or due to inconsistency within the product. This test method enables the characterization and control of product consistency.  
5.4 This test method may be used to determine the effect of different component materials and makeup of RECPs on the change in mass when submerged in water.  
5.5 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of RECPs. Comparative tests as directed in 5.6 may be advisable.  
5.6 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shall conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the evaluation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties shall take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are formed from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens shall be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories shall be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired date and an acceptable probability level ch...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the change in mass of a rolled erosion control product when specimens are submerged in water for a prescribed period of time. The change in mass is reported as a percentage of the original dry mass of the specimen.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbf) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for t...

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2408-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Extensional Viscosity of Agricultural Spray Tank Mixes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Extensional viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to stretching forces, such as those occurring during the disruption of liquid films and the formation of sprays used in agriculture and other purposes including painting operations or metal working. This method for measurement of a Screen Factor, gives a relative value for extensional viscosity, which may be used:  
4.1.1 To compare the potential for drift control of different polymers.  
4.1.2 To compare the relative extensional viscosity component of different spray tank mixtures.  
4.1.3 To determine the extent of breakdown of polymer solutions used as drift control additives during the recirculation of the solutions through pumps and screens.  
4.1.4 To use as a parameter in the Spray Drift Task Force Models for droplet size prediction.  
4.2 It should also be noted that many drift control polymers are irreversibly destroyed during the recirculation of spray mixes by pumping with high shear pumps such as gear or centrifugal pumps. It is advisable to subject the test mixture to similar pumping regimes to simulate practical conditions before carrying out the extensional viscosity test. Measurements of extensional viscosity are the only presently known method of determining the extent of this breakdown properties of dilute polymer solutions.  
4.3 This method is intended to produce a relative value for extensional viscosity. The purpose of the method is to compare the extensional viscosity produced by different polymer types or concentrations of polymer in spray tank mixes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative extensional viscosity or Screen Factor (SF) of dilute agricultural spray mixes.  
1.2 The test can be used for tank mixes containing dissolved, emulsified or dispersed materials, or mixtures.  
1.3 Results may be affected by the quality of the water used. Make-up water quality should therefore be specified in the presentation of results.  
1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination. Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.
Note 1: References to the development of extensional viscosity from dissolved polymers, extensional viscosity effects on the droplet size distribution of sprays, and measurements of screen factor on recirculated spray mixes containing polymers are available.2,3  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3116-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Viscosity Measurement Validation of Rotational Viscometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to validate the performance of a specific rotational viscometer apparatus.  
5.2 This test method may be used to validate the performance of a specific method based upon the measurement of viscosity using rotational viscometer apparatus.  
5.3 This test method may be used to determine the repeatability of a specific apparatus, operator, or laboratory.  
5.4 This test method may be used for specification or regulatory compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for validating viscosity measurements by rotational viscometers of Newtonian fluids. Performance parameters determined include viscosity repeatability (precision), detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and bias.  
1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical methods is requested or required for quality initiatives or where results may be used for legal purposes.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7394-18(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A significant feature of this practice is the ability to survey coating rheology over a broad range of shear rates with the same bench viscometers and test protocol that paint formulators and paint quality control (QC) analysts routinely use. By using this procedure, measurement of the shear rheology of a coating is possible without using an expensive laboratory rheometer, and performance predictions can be made based on those measurements.  
5.2 Low-Shear Viscosity (LSV)—The determination of low-shear viscosity in this practice can be used to predict the relative “in-can” performance of coatings for their ability to suspend pigment or prevent syneresis, or both. The LSV can also predict relative performance for leveling and sag resistance after application by roll, brush or spray. Fig. 1 shows the predictive low-shear viscosity relationships for several coatings properties.
FIG. 1 Low Shear Viscosity (LSV)  
5.3 Mid-Shear Viscosity (MSV)—The determination of MSV (coating consistency) in this practice is often the first viscosity obtained. This viscosity reflects the coatings resistance to flow on mixing, pouring, pumping, or hand stirring. Architectural coatings nearly always have a target specification for mid-shear viscosity, which is usually obtained by adjusting the level of thickener in the coating. Consequently, mid-shear viscosity is ideally a constant for a given series of coatings being tested to provide meaningful comparisons of low-shear and high-shear viscosity. With viscosities at the same KU value, MSV can also be used to obtain the relative Mid-Shear Thickener Efficiency (MSTE) of different thickeners in the same coating expressed as lb thickener/100 gal wet coating or g thickener/L wet coating.  
5.4 High-Shear Viscosity (HSV)—High-shear viscosity in this practice is a measure of the coatings resistance to flow on application by brush or roller, which is often referred to as brush-drag or rolling resistance respectively. This viscosity rela...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a popular industry protocol for the rheological characterization of waterborne architectural coatings using three commonly used rotational bench viscometers. Each viscometer operates in a different shear rate regime for determination of coating viscosity at low shear rate, mid shear rate, and at high shear rate respectively as defined herein. General guidelines are provided for predicting some coating performance properties from the viscosity measurements made. With appropriate correlations and subsequent modification of the performance guidelines, this practice has potential for characterization of other types of aqueous and non-aqueous coatings.  
1.2 The values in common viscosity units (Krebs Units, KU and Poise, P) are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off