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ASTM D7513-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Capacity of Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Cartridges

Standard Test Method for Capacity of Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Cartridges

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed bed ion exchange cartridges for conformance to specifications.
This test method provides for the calculation of capacity in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end point.
The test method as written assumes that the ion exchange resins in the cartridge are either partially or fully converted to the H+ or OH- form. Regeneration of the resins is not part of this method.
This test method provides for the calculation of capacity on a cartridge basis.
This test method may be used to test different size mixed bed resin cartridges. The flow rate of test water and the frequency of sampling are varied to compensate for the approximate volume of resin in the test cartridge.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of mixed bed ion exchange resin cartridges in the active form when used for deionization. The test can be used to determine the initial capacity of unused cartridges or the remaining capacity of used cartridges. In this case performance is defined as ion exchange capacity (or throughput) to two defined endpoints. The method does not measure organics and does not attempt to determine the ultimate water quality attainable by the cartridge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Mar-2009
ICS
71.100.40 - Surface active agents
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7513-17 - Standard Test Method for Capacity of Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Cartridges
Effective Date
01-Jun-2017

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ASTM D7513-09 - Standard Test Method for Capacity of Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Cartridges
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7513 − 09
Standard Test Method for
Capacity of Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Cartridges
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perfor- 4.1 This test method consists of exhausting a cartridge of
mance of mixed bed ion exchange resin cartridges in the active mixedbedionexchangematerialtoaspecificendpointwithan
form when used for deionization. The test can be used to
influent solution of known composition and volume.
determine the initial capacity of unused cartridges or the
remainingcapacityofusedcartridges.Inthiscaseperformance
5. Significance and Use
is defined as ion exchange capacity (or throughput) to two
5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed
defined endpoints. The method does not measure organics and
bed ion exchange cartridges for conformance to specifications.
does not attempt to determine the ultimate water quality
5.2 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity
attainable by the cartridge.
in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
point.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5.3 The test method as written assumes that the ion ex-
standard.
change resins in the cartridge are either partially or fully
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
+ -
converted to the H or OH form. Regeneration of the resins is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
not part of this method.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.4 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use on a cartridge basis.
5.5 Thistestmethodmaybeusedtotestdifferentsizemixed
2. Referenced Documents
bed resin cartridges. The flow rate of test water and the
2.1 ASTM Standards: frequency of sampling are varied to compensate for the
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis- approximate volume of resin in the test cartridge.
tivity of Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
6. Apparatus
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.1 Test Assembly (Fig. 1), consisting of the following:
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
6.1.1 Cartridge, and pressure vessel, if required. Connec-
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
tions shall be provided at the top and the bottom for the
D3375 Test Method for Column Capacity of Particulate
admission and removal of the ion exchange test water as
Mixed Bed IonExchange Materials
described in 7.3.
6.1.2 Test solution tank. Adequate means of regulating and
3. Terminology
measuring flow through the cartridge shall be provided. If the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to water,
test flow rate (8.1) can not be obtained by gravity feed, then a
refer to Terminology D1129.
pump should be used.
6.1.3 Measuring circuit and in-line conductivity cells shall
be as described in Test Methods D1125.Acontinuous recorder
1 is recommended.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
7. Reagents and Materials
Current edition approved March 15, 2009. Published April 2009. DOI: 10.1520/
D7513-09.
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7513 − 09
FIG. 1 Typical Apparatus for Performance Testing of Mixed-Bed Ion Exchange Cartridges
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be where:
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
D = the cartridge diameter, in cm
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
L = the cartridge length, in cm
accuracy of the determination.
8.2 Using the cartridge volume calculated in 8.1, calculate
7.2 Purity of Water—All reference to water in this test
the test flow rate (in mL/min) as follows:
method shall be understood to mean Reagent Water Type I or
Q 5 300V
c
II conforming to Specification D1193.
where:
7.3 Ion Exchange Test Water (10 meq/L, or 500 ppm as
V = cartridge volume, in litres
c
CaCO )—Prepare a test water containing, in each litre:
NOTE1—Formultitubecartridgesthevolumeisthesumofthevolumes
7.3.1 0.294 g of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl -2H O),
2 2
of all the tubes.
7.3.2 0.336 g of oven-dried (105°C) sodium bicarbonate
8.3 Slowly introduce reagent water at the bottom of the
(NaHCO ), and
cartri
...

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ASTM D2687-95(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials

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5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).  
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
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1.1 These practices2 cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:    
Sections  
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ASTM D4548-11(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Anion-Cation Balance of Mixed Bed Ion-Exchange Resins

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5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. It is used to determine the ratio of the components without separating them from each other.  
5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as measured by Test Method E of Test Methods and Practices D2187 for cation-exchange resins, and Test Method H for anion-exchange resins. In the case of cation-exchange resins, these are styrene-based polymers with sulfonic acid functional groups. The anion-exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials with quaternary ammonium functional groups. The test method will determine the amount of anion-exchange material of any functionality present in the mixture. However, when anionic groups that are not salt-splitting are present, the values for cationic groups will be high due to the acidic character of the anion effluent. Cationic groups that do not split salts are not measured.  
5.3 Samples are analyzed in this test method as received. It is not necessary that the cation-exchanging resin be in the hydrogen form and the anion-exchanging resin be in the hydroxide form for this test method.  
5.4 This test method may be used to determine if new materials are balanced to meet their specification values. In operating regenerable units, it may be used to determine if the components are separating properly or remixing properly. It may also be used to check for improper balance in bedding or for loss of a component during operation.  
5.5 This test method begins with the conversion to the hydrogen and chloride forms. However, it may be combined with the determination of the residual chloride and sulfate sites by elution with sodium nitrate as described in Test Methods J and L in Test Methods and Practices D2187. In such cases the hydrogen ion as well...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange material.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed IonExchange Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed bed ion exchange materials for conformance to specifications. When a representative sample of the mixed bed can be obtained from an operating unit, this test method can be used to evaluate the regeneration efficiency by comparison with the same data obtained with new material from the same manufactured lots, or retained samples of the in-place products.  
5.2 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end point.  
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5.4 In most cases the product tested will be properly mixed and will contain the correct proportions of anion and cation exchange materials. However, if the pH as well as the conductivity of the effluent is measured, the test method will indicate which of the components is present in excess; an acid effluent at breakthrough indicating an excess of regenerated cation exchange groups and an alkaline effluent an excess of regenerated anion exchange groups. In such cases the volumes of the two components obtained in the final backwash will indicate whether this imbalance arises from improper regeneration or from an improper ratio of the two components. It should be noted, however, that not all units are charged with a balanced ratio of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging groups. Hence, wherever possible, a field sample should be evaluated in comparison with a retained sample ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the regenerated form when used for deionization. It is intended for use in testing unused mixed bed materials and samples of regenerated mixed beds from operating units.  
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ASTM D7742-17(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates (NPnEO, 3 ≤ n ≤ 18) and Octylphenol Polyethoxylates (OPnEO, 2 ≤ n ≤ 12) in Water by Single Reaction Monitoring (SRM) Liquid Chromatography/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice has been developed in support of the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology by the Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).  
5.2 Nonylphenol (NP) and Octylphenol (OP) have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The prominent source of NP and OP is from common commercial surfactants which are longer chain APEOs. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The APEOs are readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This practice screens for the longer chain APEOs which may enter the STP at elevated levels and may cause a STP to violate its permitted discharge concentration of nonylphenol.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO, 3 ≤ n ≤ 18) and octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPnEO, 2 ≤ n ≤ 12) in water by Single Reaction Monitoring (SRM) Liquid Chromatography/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using direct injection liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. This is a screening practice with qualified quantitative data to check for the presence of longer chain ethoxylates in a water sample.  
1.1.1 All data are qualified because neat standards of each alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEO) are not available and the synthesis and characterization of these neat standards would be very expensive. The Igepal2 brand standards, which contain a mixture of various chain lengths of the alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), were used. The mixture was characterized in-house assuming the instrument response at an optimum electrospray ionization cone and collision voltage for each APEO was the same. This assumption, which may not be accurate, is used to determine qualified amounts of each ethoxylate in the standards. The n-Nonylphenol diethoxylate (n-NP2EO) surrogate was available as a neat characterized standard, therefore, this concentration and recovery data was not estimated. APEOs are not regulated by the EPA, but nonylphenol, a breakdown product of NPnEOs, is regulated for fresh and saltwater dischargers. A request by a sewage treatment plant (STP) was made to make this practice available through ASTM in order to screen for the influent or effluent from sources of APEOs coming into the STP. The interest lies in stopping the source of the longer chain APEOs from entering the STP in order to meet effluent guidelines. Based upon the above, this is a practice rather than a test method. A comparison between samples is possible using this practice to determine which has a higher concentration of APEOs.  
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4.1 Resins used in demineralization systems may deteriorate due to many factors including chemical attack, fouling by organic and inorganic materials, mishandling, or the effects of aging. Detection of degradation or fouling may be important in determining the cause of poor demineralizer performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a series of tests and evaluations intended to detect fouling and degradation of particulate ion exchange materials. Suggestions on reducing fouling and on cleaning resins are given.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of powdered ion exchange resins and are intended for use in testing new materials. The following test methods are included:  
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Standard Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange Materials

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9.1 Cation exchange materials are frequently used in the sodium form to exchange divalent and trivalent ions in the influent water for sodium ions on the resin sites. This process is commonly referred to as softening water since it removes those ions that form a “hard” curd of insoluble salts with the fatty acids used in some soaps and that also precipitate when water is boiled. In such a process, sodium chloride is used as the regenerant to return the cation-exchanging groups to the sodium form.  
9.2 This test method is intended to simulate the performance of such materials in actual usage. It may be used either to compare the performance of new materials or to compare the performance of a material that has been used with its original performance.  
9.3 Regenerant concentrations and dosages used herein are typical for the types of materials used in this application. If different concentrations or amounts of regenerant are agreed upon by parties using this test method, this fact should be stated when the results are reported. Similarly, the test water specified is the agreed upon standard. Where other test waters or the water to be treated are used in the test, the analysis of the water in terms of total solids, sodium, calcium, magnesium, other di- or trivalent metals as well as the major anions present should be reported with the test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating capacity of particulate cation-exchange materials when used for the removal of calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions from water. It is intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following two test methods are included:    
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ASTM D2187-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods and Practices for Evaluating Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Ion-Exchange Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
7.1 The ionic form of an ion-exchange material affects both its equivalent mass and its equilibrium water content. These in turn influence the numerical values obtained in exchange capacity determinations, in density measurements, and in the size of the particles. To provide a uniform basis for comparison, therefore, the sample should be converted to a known ionic form before analysis. This procedure provides for the conversion of cation-exchange materials to the sodium form and anion-exchange materials to the chloride form prior to analysis. These forms are chosen since they permit samples to be weighed and dried without concern for air contamination or decomposition. If other ionic forms are used this fact should be noted in reporting the results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. They are intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following thirteen test methods are included:
Sections  
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Test Method B—Water Retention Capacity  
11 – 18  
Test Method C—Backwashed and Settled Density  
19 – 26  
Test Method D—Particle Size Distribution  
27 – 35  
Test Method E—Salt-Splitting Capacity of Cation-Exchange Resins  
36 – 45    
Test Method F—Total Capacity of Cation-Exchange Resins  
46 – 55    
Test Method G—Percent Regeneration of Hydrogen-Form Cation-Exchange Resins  
56 – 64    
Test Method H—Total and Salt-Splitting Capacity of Anion-Exchange Resins  
65 – 73  
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74 – 82    
Test Practice J—Ionic Chloride Content of Anion-Exchange Resins  
83 – 90  
Test Method K—Carbonate Content of Anion-Exchange Resins  
91 – 99  
Test Method L—Sulfate Content of Anion Exchange Resins  
100 – 108    
Test Practice M—Total Anion Capacity of Anion-Exchange Resins  
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Standard Test Method for Capacity of Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Cartridges

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5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed bed ion exchange cartridges for conformance to specifications.  
5.2 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end point.  
5.3 The test method as written assumes that the ion exchange resins in the cartridge are either partially or fully converted to the H+ or OH– form. Regeneration of the resins is not part of this method.  
5.4 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity on a cartridge basis.  
5.5 This test method may be used to test different size mixed bed resin cartridges. The flow rate of test water and the frequency of sampling are varied to compensate for the approximate volume of resin in the test cartridge.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of mixed bed ion exchange resin cartridges in the active form when used for deionization. The test can be used to determine the initial capacity of unused cartridges or the remaining capacity of used cartridges. In this case performance is defined as ion exchange capacity (or throughput) to two defined endpoints. The method does not measure organics and does not attempt to determine the ultimate water quality attainable by the cartridge.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4266-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The salt removal capacity of a powdered resin precoat is limited by the capacity of either the anion-exchange resin or the cation-exchange resin contained in it. Applications include condensate polishing in fossil-fueled electric generating plants, as well as condensate polishing, spent fuel pool water treatment, reactor water treatment, and low-level radioactive liquid waste treatment in nuclear-powered electric generating plants.  
4.2 By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin (capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions), it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks, these test methods are useful for determining operating capacities as measured under the test conditions used.  
4.3 These test methods may be used to monitor the performance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin depends primarily upon the number density of ion-exchange sites within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form when received, and properties of the resin and the system that affect ion exchange kinetics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation-exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion-exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. The following two test methods are included:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange
Resin, Hydroxide Form  
7 to 15    
Test Method B—Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange
Resin, Hydrogen Form  
16 to 24  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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    English language
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off