ASTM E800-99
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
SCOPE
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species, together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one analytical method over another.
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale). With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods could be used for measurement in most fire environments.
1.3 This document is intended to be a guide for investigators and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods. A single analytical technique has not been recommended for any chemical species unless that technique is the only one available.
1.4 The techniques described herein determine the concentration of a specific gas in the total sample taken. These techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that would be generated by a specimen during conduct of a fire test.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 800 – 99 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
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Atmospheres
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon
D 3162 Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmo-
monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur
sphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infra-
oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide,
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red Spectrometry)
aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sam-
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
pling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in
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Building Materials
any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are de-
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E 176 Terminology Relating to Fire Standards
scribed for each gaseous species, together with advantages and
E 535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Stan-
disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling con-
4
dards
straints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one
4
E 603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
analytical method over another.
E 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases
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Generated by Solid Materials
under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale).
With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods
3. Terminology
could be used for measurement in most fire environments.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions used in this guide are in accor-
1.3 This document is intended to be a guide for investigators
dance with Terminology D 123, Terminology D 1356, Termi-
and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods.
nology E 176, and Practice E 535 unless otherwise indicated.
A single analytical technique has not been recommended for
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
any chemical species unless that technique is the only one
3.2.1 batch sampling—sampling over some time period in
available.
such a way as to produce a single test sample for analysis.
1.4 The techniques described herein determine the concen-
3.2.2 combustion products—airborne effluent from a mate-
tration of a specific gas in the total sample taken. These
rial undergoing combustion; this may also include pyrolysates.
techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that
3.2.3 fire test, n—a procedure, not necessarily a standard
would be generated by a specimen during conduct of a fire test.
test method, in which the response of materials to heat or
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the
flame, or both, under controlled conditions is measured or
response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame
otherwise described.
under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate
3.2.4 sample integrity—the unimpaired chemical composi-
all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
tion of a test sample upon the extraction of said test sample for
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
analysis.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.5 sampling—a process whereby a test sample is ex-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tracted from a fire test environment.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.6 test sample—a representative part of the experimental
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
environment (gases, liquids, or solids), for purposes of analy-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sis.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 4.1 Because of the loss of life in fires from inhalation of fire
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
gases, much attention has been focused on the analyses of these
species. Analysis has involved several new or modified meth-
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-5 on Fire Standards
ods, since common analytical techniques have often proven to
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
Products.
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
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published as E 800 – 81. Last previous edition E 800 –
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