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ASTM E800-01

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires

Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires

SCOPE
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species, together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one analytical method over another.
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale). With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods could be used for measurement in most fire environments.
1.3 This document is intended to be a guide for investigators and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods. A single analytical technique has not been recommended for any chemical species unless that technique is the only one available.
1.4 The techniques described herein determine the concentration of a specific gas in the total sample taken. These techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that would be generated by a specimen during conduct of a fire test.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
13.220.01 - Protection against fire in general
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.21 - Smoke and Combustion Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E800-99 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Replaced By
ASTM E800-05 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5537-23a - Standard Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1482-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Thermal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7295-18 - Standard Practice for Sampling Combustion Effluents and Other Stationary Sources for the Subsequent Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E603-23 - Standard Guide for Room Fire Experiments
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E176-21ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1822-21 - Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1623-22a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1537-22 - Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5424-23a - Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1678-21a - Standard Test Method for Measuring Smoke Toxicity for Use in Fire Hazard Analysis
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM E1590-23 - Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM E800-01 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:E800–01
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
3
aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sam- Atmospheres
pling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in D 3162 Test Method for Carbon Monoxide in the Atmo-
any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are de- sphere (Continuous Measurement by Nondispersive Infra-
3
scribed for each gaseous species, together with advantages and red Spectrometry)
disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling con- E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
4
straints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one Building Materials
4
analytical method over another. E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases E 535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Stan-
4
under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale). dards
4
With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods E 603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
could be used for measurement in most fire environments. E 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
4
1.3 Thisdocumentisintendedtobeaguideforinvestigators Generated by Solid Materials
and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods.
3. Terminology
A single analytical technique has not been recommended for
3.1 Definitions—Definitions used in this guide are in accor-
any chemical species unless that technique is the only one
dance with Terminology D 123, Terminology D 1356, Termi-
available.
1.4 The techniques described herein determine the concen- nology E 176, and Practice E 535 unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tration of a specific gas in the total sample taken. These
techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that 3.2.1 batch sampling—sampling over some time period in
such a way as to produce a single test sample for analysis.
wouldbegeneratedbyaspecimenduringconductofafiretest.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the 3.2.2 combustion products, n—airborne effluent from a
material undergoing combustion; this may also include pyroly-
response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame
under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate sates.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—combustion products without mass,
all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. such as heat or other radiation, are not addressed in this guide.
3.2.3 fire test, n—a procedure, not necessarily a standard
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the test method, in which the response of materials to heat or
flame, or both, under controlled conditions is measured or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- otherwise described.
3.2.4 sample integrity—the unimpaired chemical composi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion of a test sample upon the extraction of said test sample for
analysis.
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandards
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
2
Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3
Current edition approved October 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Origi- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
4
nally published as E 800 – 81. Last previous edition E 800 – 98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E800–01
3.2.5 sampling—a process whereby a test sample is ex- provide. The necessary detect
...

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5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice is used when the number of participating laboratories or materials being tested, or both, in a precision study is less than the number specified by Practice E691. When possible, it is strongly recommended that a full Practice E691 standard protocol be followed to determine test method precision. Precision results produced by the procedures presented in this standard will not have the same degree of accuracy as results generated by a full Practice E691 protocol. This procedure will allow for the development of useful precision results when a full complement of laboratories is not available for interlaboratory testing.  
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Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Because of the loss of life in fires from inhalation of fire gases, much attention has been focused on the analyses of these species. Analysis has involved several new or modified methods, since common analytical techniques have often proven to be inappropriate for the combinations of various gases and low concentrations existing in fire gas mixtures.  
4.2 In the measurement of fire gases, it is imperative to use procedures that are both reliable and appropriate to the unique atmosphere of a given fire environment. To maximize the reliability of test results, it is essential to establish the following:  
4.2.1 That gaseous samples are representative of the compositions existing at the point of sampling,  
4.2.2 That transfer and pretreatment of samples occur without loss, or with known efficiency, and  
4.2.3 That data provided by the analytical instruments are accurate for the compositions and concentrations at the point of sampling.  
4.3 This document includes a comprehensive survey that will permit an individual, technically skilled and practiced in the study of analytical chemistry, to select a suitable technique from among the alternatives. It will not provide enough information for the setup and use of a procedure (this information is available in the references).  
4.4 Data generated by the use of techniques cited in this document should not be used to rank materials for regulatory purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species, together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one analytical method over another.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard is to be used by those concerned with the development of fire-test-response standards.  
4.2 The resultant fire-test-response standards are intended to be useful in one or more of the following areas, among others: product development, quality control, product comparisons, screening, information to be used as part of a fire hazard or a fire risk assessment, and regulatory purposes.  
4.3 This practice is intended to be useful to users and developers of fire-test-response standards (Section 5) because it provides much of the general rationale for the development and use of such standards.  
4.4 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of fire hazard assessment standards or fire risk assessment standards.  
4.5 This practice is not intended to provide guidance for the preparation of standards not related to fire-test responses of materials, products or assemblies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is a supplement to Form and Style for ASTM Standards,2 which shall be consulted in writing all ASTM standards.  
1.2 This practice contains, directly or by reference, all of the information required to comply with the policy on fire standards and the additional guidelines recommended by Committee E05.  
1.3 This practice, intended to assist ASTM Committees, establishes guidelines and criteria for the preparation of fire-test-response standards (that is, standards for response to heat or flame under prescribed conditions).  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1355-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The process of model evaluation is critical to establishing both the acceptable uses and limitations of fire models. It is not possible to evaluate a model in total; instead, this guide is intended to provide a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities for a specific use. Validation for one application or scenario does not imply validation for different scenarios. Several alternatives are provided for performing the evaluation process including: comparison of predictions against standard fire tests, full-scale fire experiments, field experience, published literature, or previously evaluated models.  
5.2 The use of fire models currently extends beyond the fire research laboratory and into the engineering, fire service and legal communities. Sufficient evaluation of fire models is necessary to ensure that those using the models can judge the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis for the models, select models appropriate for a desired use, and understand the level of confidence which can be placed on the results predicted by the models. Adequate evaluation will help prevent the unintentional misuse of fire models.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with other guides under development by Committee E05. It is intended for use by:  
5.3.1 Model Developers—To document the usefulness of a particular calculation method perhaps for specific applications. Part of model development includes identification of precision and limits of applicability, and independent testing.  
5.3.2 Model Users—To assure themselves that they are using an appropriate model for an application and that it provides adequate accuracy.  
5.3.3 Developers of Model Performance Codes—To be sure that they are incorporating valid calculation procedures into codes.  
5.3.4 Approving Officials—To ensure that the results of calculations using mathematical models stating conformance to this guide, cited in a submission, show clearly that the model is used withi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a methodology for evaluating the predictive capabilities of a fire model for a specific use. The intent is to cover the whole range of deterministic numerical models which might be used in evaluating the effects of fires in and on structures.  
1.2 The methodology is presented in terms of four areas of evaluation:  
1.2.1 Defining the model and scenarios for which the evaluation is to be conducted,  
1.2.2 Verifying the appropriateness of the theoretical basis and assumptions used in the model,  
1.2.3 Verifying the mathematical and numerical robustness of the model, and  
1.2.4 Quantifying the uncertainty and accuracy of the model results in predicting of the course of events in similar fire scenarios.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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