ASTM E2338-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Conformable Eddy Current Sensors—Conformable, eddy current sensors can be used on both flat and curved surfaces, including fillets, cylindrical surfaces, etc. When used with models for predicting the sensor response and appropriate algorithms, these sensors can measure variations in physical properties, such as electrical conductivity and/or magnetic permeability, as well as thickness of conductive coatings on any substrate and nonconductive coatings on conductive substrates or on a conducting coating. These property variations can be used to detect and characterize heterogeneous regions within the conductive coatings, for example, regions of locally higher porosity.
4.2 Sensors and Sensor Arrays—Depending on the application, either a single-sensing element sensor or a sensor array can be used for coating characterization. A sensor array would provide a better capability to map spatial variations in coating thickness and/or conductivity (reflecting, for example, porosity variations) and provide better throughput for scanning large areas. The size of the sensor footprint and the size and number of sensing elements within an array depend on the application requirements and constraints, and the nonconductive (for example, ceramic) coating thickness.
4.3 Coating Thickness Range—The conductive coating thickness range over which a sensor performs best depends on the difference between the electrical conductivity of the substrate and conductive coating and available frequency range. For example, a specific sensor geometry with a specific frequency range for impedance measurements may provide acceptable performance for an MCrAlY coating over a nickel-alloy substrate for a relatively wide range of conductive coating thickness, for example, from 75 to 400 μm (0.003 to 0.016 in.). Yet, for another conductive coating-substrate combination, this range may be 10 to 100 μm (0.0004 to 0.004 in.). The coating characterization performance may also depend on the thickness of...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy current sensors for nondestructive characterization of coatings without standardization on coated reference parts. It includes the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive coating on a conductive substrate, (2) detection and characterization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive coating, and (3) measurement of thickness for nonconductive coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating. This practice includes only nonmagnetic coatings on either magnetic (μ ≠ μ0) or nonmagnetic (μ = μ0) substrates. This practice can also be used to measure the effective thickness of a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for aluminum alloys, alpha case for titanium alloys). For specific types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific procedure tailored to a specific application.
1.2 Specific uses of conventional eddy current sensors are covered by Practices D7091 and E376 and the following test methods issued by ASTM: B244 and E1004. Guidance for the use of conformable eddy current sensor arrays is provided in E2884.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technic...
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Designation: E2338 − 17
Standard Practice for
Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy
1
Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy
current sensors for nondestructive characterization of coatings
2. Referenced Documents
without standardization on coated reference parts. It includes
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive
B244 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness ofAnodic
coating on a conductive substrate, (2) detection and character-
Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive
ization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive
Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-
coating, and (3) measurement of thickness for nonconductive
coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating. Current Instruments
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
This practice includes only nonmagnetic coatings on either
magnetic (µ ≠ µ ) or nonmagnetic (µ = µ ) substrates. This Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
0 0
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
practice can also be used to measure the effective thickness of
a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by
aluminum alloys, alpha case for titanium alloys). For specific
types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific Magnetic-Field or Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) Test-
ing Methods
procedure tailored to a specific application.
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
1.2 Specific uses of conventional eddy current sensors are
Testing
covered by Practices D7091 and E376 and the following test
E1004 Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity
methods issued byASTM: B244 and E1004. Guidance for the
Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
use of conformable eddy current sensor arrays is provided in
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2884.
E2884 Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Con-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
tion only and are not considered standard.
cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cation of NDT Personnel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.3 AIA Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4
Testing Personnel
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
NOTE 1—See Appendix X1.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- the ASTM website.
3
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
Electromagnetic Method. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2338 - 11. DOI: WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
10.1520/E2338-17. (Replacement standard for MIL-STD-410.)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2338 − 11 E2338 − 17
Standard Practice for
Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy-
Current Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference
1
Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy-current eddy current sensors for nondestructive characterization of
coatings without standardization on coated reference parts. It includes the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive
coating on a conductive substrate, (2) detection and characterization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive coating,
and (3) measurement of thickness for nonconductive coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating. This practice
includes only nonmagnetic coatings on either magnetic (μ ≠ μ ) or nonmagnetic (μ = μ ) substrates. This practice can also be used
0 0
to measure the effective thickness of a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for aluminum alloys, alpha case for
titanium alloys). For specific types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific procedure tailored to a specific application.
1.2 Specific uses of conventional eddy-current eddy current sensors are covered by Practices D7091 and E376 and the following
test methods issued by ASTM: B244, and E1004, and . Guidance for the use of conformable eddy current sensor arrays is provided
in G12E2884.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B244 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of Other Nonconductive Coatings on
Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) Testing Methods
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1004 Test Method for Determining Electrical Conductivity Using the Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Method
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
G12E2884 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on SteelGuide for Eddy
Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays (Withdrawn 2013)
3
2.2 ASNT Documents:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification In Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2011Nov. 1, 2017. Published March 2011November 2017. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20062011
as E2338 - 06.E2338 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/E2338-11.10.1520/E2338-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section
...
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