ASTM B374-21

Standard Terminology Relating to Electroplating

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2021
• ICS: 01.040.25 - Manufacturing engineering (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 25.220.01 - Surface treatment and coating in general
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.01 - Ancillary Activities

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B374 − 21 Endorsed by American
Electroplaters’ Society
Endorsed by National
Association of Metal Finishers
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Electroplating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B374; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
These definitions correspond to interpretations as applied to electroplating and do not necessarily
correspond to the definitions used in other fields.
1. Referenced Documents adhesion, practical, n—theforceorworkrequiredtodetachor
remove a coating from the underlayer or substrate; it can be
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
measured in terms of peel, pull, or shear strength as an
B368Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt
experimentally determined quantity.
Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
aluminizing—forming of an aluminum or aluminum alloy
2. Terminology
coatingonametalbyhotdipping,hotspraying,ordiffusion.
abrasive blasting—a process for cleaning or finishing by
amorphous—noncrystalline, or devoid of regular structure.
means of an abrasive directed at high velocity against the
work piece. ampere—the current that will deposit silver at the rate of
0.0011180 g/s. Current flowing at the rate of 1 C/s.
activator—in diffusion coatings, a chemical, usually a halide
−8
˚
salt, that enters into a reaction with the source or master angström unit (A)—10 cm.
alloy, depositing the source on the substrate.
anion—a negatively-charged ion.
activation—elimination of a passive condition on a surface.
anode—the electrode in electrolysis, at which negative ions
activity (ion)—the ion concentration corrected for deviations
are discharged, positive ions are formed, or other oxidizing
from ideal behavior. Concentration multiplied by activity
reactions occur.
coefficient.
anode corrosion—dissolution of anode metal by the electro-
addition agent—a material added in small quantities to a
chemical action in an electrolytic cell.
solution to modify its characteristics. It is usually added to a
anode efficiency—current efficiency of a specified anodic
platingsolutionforthepurposeofmodifyingthecharacterof
process.
a deposit.
anode film—(1)thelayerofsolutionincontactwiththeanode
adhesion—the attractive force that exists between an elec-
trodeposit and its substrate that can be measured as the force that differs in composition from that of the bulk of the
solution. (2)The outer layer of the anode itself consisting of
required to separate an electrodeposit and its substrate.
oxidation or reaction products of the anode metal.
anode polarization—see polarization.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
anodic coating—a protective, decorative, or functional
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
coating,formedbyconversionofthesurfaceofametalinan
B08.01 on Ancillary Activities.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
electrolytic oxidation process.
approvedin1961.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2019asB374–06(2019).DOI:
10.1520/B0374-21.
anodizing—an electrolytic oxidation process in which the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
surface of a metal, when anodic, is converted to a coating
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
having desirable protective, decorative, or functional prop-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. erties.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B374 − 21
anolyte—theportionofelectrolyteinthevicinityoftheanode; the anode and the cathode that the part nearest the anode
in a divided cell, the portion of electrolyte on the anode side becomes cathodic and the part nearest the cathode becomes
of the diaphragm. anodic.
black oxide—afinishonmetalproducedbyimmersingametal
anti-pitting agent—an addition agent for the specific purpose
of preventing gas pits in a deposit. in hot oxidizing salts or salt solutions.
blasting—see sand blasting; grit blasting; wet blasting.
autocatalytic plating—deposition of a metal coating by a
controlled chemical reduction, catalyzed by the metal or blister—a dome-shaped imperfection or defect, resulting from
loss of adhesion between a metallic deposit and the sub-
alloy being deposited.
strate.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B374 − 06 (Reapproved 2019) B374 − 21 Endorsed by American
Electroplaters’ Society
Endorsed by National
Association of Metal Finishers
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Electroplating
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B374; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
These definitions correspond to interpretations as applied to electroplating and do not necessarily
correspond to the definitions used in other fields.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
B368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test)
2. Terminology
abrasive blasting—a process for cleaning or finishing by means of an abrasive directed at high velocity against the work piece.
activator—in diffusion coatings, a chemical, usually a halide salt, that enters into a reaction with the source or master alloy,
depositing the source on the substrate.
activation—elimination of a passive condition on a surface.
activity (ion)—the ion concentration corrected for deviations from ideal behavior. Concentration multiplied by activity
coefficient.
addition agent—a material added in small quantities to a solution to modify its characteristics. It is usually added to a plating
solution for the purpose of modifying the character of a deposit.
adhesion—the attractive force that exists between an electrodeposit and its substrate that can be measured as the force required
to separate an electrodeposit and its substrate.
adhesion, practical, n—the force or work required to detach or remove a coating from the underlayer or substrate; it can be
measured in terms of peel, pull, or shear strength as an experimentally determined quantity.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.01 on
Ancillary Activities.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019Oct. 1, 2021. Published January 2020October 2021. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20112019 as
B374 – 06(2011).(2019). DOI: 10.1520/B0374-06R19.10.1520/B0374-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B374 − 21
aluminizing—forming of an aluminum or aluminum alloy coating on a metal by hot dipping, hot spraying, or diffusion.
amorphous—noncrystalline, or devoid of regular structure.
ampere—the current that will deposit silver at the rate of 0.0011180 g/s. Current flowing at the rate of 1 C/s.
−8
angström unit (A˚)—10 cm.
anion—a negatively-charged ion.
anode—the electrode in electrolysis, at which negative ions are discharged, positive ions are formed, or other oxidizing reactions
occur.
anode corrosion—dissolution of anode metal by the electrochemical action in an electrolytic cell.
anode efficiency—current efficiency of a specified anodic process.
anode film—(1) the layer of solution in contact with the anode that differs in composition from that of the bulk of the solution.
(2) The outer layer of the anode itself consisting of oxidation or reaction products of the anode metal.
anode polarization—see polarization.
anodic coating—a protective, decorative, or functional coating, formed by conversion of the surface of a metal in an electrolytic
oxidation process.
anodizing—an electrolytic oxidation process in which the surface of a metal, when anodic, is converted to a coating having
desirable protective, decorative, or functional properties.
anolyte—the portion of electrolyte in the vicinity of the anode; in a divided cell, the portion of electrolyte on the anode side
of the diaphragm.
anti-pitting agent—an addition agent for the specific purpose of preventing gas pits in a deposit.
autocatalytic plating—deposition of a metal coating by a controlled chemical reduction, catalyzed by the metal or alloy being
deposited.
automatic machine (or conveyor)—a machine for mechanically processing parts through treatment cycles, such as cleaning,
anodizing,
...