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ASTM D2028/D2028M-15(2021)e1

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)

Standard Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements. The cutback asphalt shall not foam when heated to application temperature and shall conform to the requirements prescribed for the following: (1) kinematic viscosity, (2) flash point, (3) distillate content, (4) amount of residue from distillation, (5) properties of residue from distillation such as viscosity, ductility, and solubility in trichloroethylene, and (6) water content. The properties enumerated shall be determined by the specified test methods including tag open-cup flash point, distillation, and penetration tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment of pavements.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Dec-2021
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.40 - Asphalt Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D402/D402M-24 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Cutback Asphalt
Effective Date
15-Jan-2024
Refers
ASTM D140/D140M-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D95-23 - Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Refers
ASTM D5/D5M-19a - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
15-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM D3143/D3143M-19 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point of Cutback Asphalt with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Jun-2019
Refers
ASTM D140/D140M-16 - Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2016
Refers
ASTM D140/D140M-15 - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM D140/D140M-14 - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM D3143/D3143M-13 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point of Cutback Asphalt with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013
Refers
ASTM D5/D5M-13 - Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2013
Refers
ASTM D2171/D2171M-10 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Refers
ASTM D95-05(2010) - Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Refers
ASTM D140/D140M-09 - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Refers
ASTM D2042-09 - Standard Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Refers
ASTM D7553-09 - Standard Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in N-Propyl Bromide
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009

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ASTM D2028/D2028M-15(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)ASTM D2028/D2028M-15(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
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ASTM D2028/D2028M-15(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D2028/D2028M −15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2028/D2028M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 1 was updated editorially in December 2021.
1. Scope D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D402/D402M Test Method for Distillation of Cutback As-
1.1 This specification covers cutback petroleum asphalts of
phalt
the rapid-curing type for use in the construction and treatment
D2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
of pavements.
Trichloroethylene
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D2170/D2170M Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Asphalts
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D2171/D2171M Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
D3143/D3143M Test Method for Flash Point of Cutback
with the standard.
Asphalt with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
D7553 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes N-Propyl Bromide
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
3. Properties
as requirements of the standard.
3.1 The cutback asphalt shall not foam when heated to
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
application temperature and shall conform to the requirements
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
prescribed in Table 1.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Test Methods
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The material shall be sampled in accordance with
Practice D140/D140M, and the properties enumerated in this
2. Referenced Documents
specification shall be determined in accordance with the
2.1 ASTM Standards: following ASTM methods:
D5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-
4.1.1 Flash Point (Tag Open-Cup)—Test Method D3143/
rials D3143M.
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
4.1.2 Viscosity, Kinematic—Test Method D2170/D2170M.
Bituminous Materials by Distillation 4.1.3 Viscosity, at 60 °C [140 °F]—Test Method D2171/
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
D2171M.
4.1.4 Distillation—Test Method D402/D402M.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
NOTE 1—If a 100-mL graduate does not permit sufficiently close
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.40 on
readings to determine conformity to these specifications with the desired
Asphalt Specifications.
accuracy, receivers graduated in 0.1-mL divisions shall be used.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2021. Published Dec
...

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ASTM D2170/D2170M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts

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5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
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Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
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ASTM D140/D140M-16(2023)(Practice)
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4.1 Sampling is as important as testing, and precautions shall be taken to obtain samples to show the true nature and condition of the materials.  
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4.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the bulk of the materials sampled, or  
4.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics which the material possesses.
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ASTM D139-23(Test Method)
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4.1 The float test characterizes the flow behavior or consistency of certain asphalt materials.  
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Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
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1.1 This test method covers the float test for asphalt materials.  
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This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors. Asphalt planks shall be classified according to usage: Type Ia; Type Ib; and Type II. Asphalt plank shall be formed from a mixture of asphalt, fibers, modifiers, or a combination thereof, and mineral filler in such a manner as to produce a uniformly dense mass. The following test methods shall be intended to measure those attributes necessary to measure the ability of asphalt plank to provide a reasonably long and satisfactory service: absorption; brittleness; dimensions; and hardness.
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ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the material, manufacturing, and physical requirements for re-refined engine oil bottoms, also known as vacuum tower asphalt extender, that may be used in formulating asphalt for pavement construction and roofing. "Re-refined engine oil bottoms" (REOB) is the commonly used term used by many state highway agencies and FHWA, while "vacuum tower asphalt extender" (VTAE) is preferred by manufacturers. REOB/VTAE may be obtained by processing used engine oil using atmospheric distillation followed by vacuum distillation to produce a vacuum residuum meeting the requirements outlined in this specification. The REOB/VTAE shall be homogenous, free from water, and not foam when heated to 232°C (450°F).
SCOPE
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ASTM D3549/D3549M-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thickness of a compacted asphalt mixture is often used as a construction check to ensure that the proper quantity of materials has been placed on a project, and to correct strength measurement on constant diameter specimens with varying heights.
Note 1: The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the thickness (or height) of compacted asphalt mixture specimens.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Section 7.4 specifies SI units because they are the units used in the equations for Test Methods D1188/D1188M and D2726/D2726M. Performing calculations without first converting any measurements made in inch-pound units to SI units in 7.4 will result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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ASTM D8188-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Density and Relative Density of Asphalt, Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials, and Soft-Tar Pitch by Use of a Digital Density Meter (U-Tube)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass and for correcting measured volumes at the measured temperature to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid asphalt materials, asphalt binders, asphalt cements, and soft-tar pitches by use of a digital density meter (U-tube).
Note 1: Alternate methods for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials and asphalt binders include Test Methods D3289, D3142/D3142M, and D70/D70M.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, with the exception of temperature measurements. Units provided in degrees Fahrenheit are for reference purposes only. Temperatures given in degrees Celsius are to be considered standard.  
1.3 This test method should not be applied to petroleum distillates other than asphalt and asphalt binders. For the determination of density of all other petroleum distillates and viscous oils, use Test Method D4052 or D5002, or ISO 12185.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8140-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for the Use of Foundry Sand in Asphalt Mixtures

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the physical and chemical requirements of virgin or recovered foundry sand for use as a fine aggregate in asphalt mixtures.  
1.2 This guide is for use by contractors, foundry sand suppliers, or other purchasers as part of the purchase document describing the material to be furnished. Those responsible for selecting the proportions for the asphalt mixture should have the responsibility of determining the proportions of foundry sand as a fine aggregate.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2171/D2171M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The viscosity at 60 °C [140 °F] characterizes flow behavior and may be used for specification requirements for cutback asphalt and asphalt binders.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of the apparent viscosity of asphalt binder by vacuum capillary viscometers at 60 °C [140 °F]. It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa·s [0.036 to over 200 000 P].  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60 °C [140 °F].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The apparent viscosity for non-Newtonian asphalt binders varies with shear rate. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined using this test method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions of this test can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes or with different pressure heads. The defined precision limits in Section 11 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders. Test Method D4957 may be a more applicable method for testing non-Newtonian asphalts.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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