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ASTM D5971-01

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material

Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice shall be used to provide a representative sample of the material for the purpose of testing various properties. The procedures used in sampling shall include the use of every precaution that will assist in obtaining samples that are truly representative of the nature and condition of the CLSM.
Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice explains the procedure for obtaining a representative sample to test of freshly mixed controlled low strength material (CLSM) as delivered to the project site (Note 1). This practice includes sampling from revolving-drum truck mixers and from agitating equipment used to transport central-mixed CLSM.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for information only.
Note 1—Composite samples are required by this practice unless specifically excepted by procedures governing the tests to be performed, such as tests to determine uniformity of consistency and mixer efficiency. Procedures used to select the specific test batches are not described in this practice. It is recommended that random sampling be used to determine overall specification compliance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word "standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2001
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.15 - Stabilization With Admixtures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5971-96 - Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D5971-07 - Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM E3355-23 - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) in Storage Area(s) for Beneficial Use
Effective Date
10-Nov-2001

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ASTM D5971-01 - Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength MaterialASTM D5971-01 - Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material
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ASTM D5971-01 - Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5971–01
Standard Practice for
1
Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5971; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
1.1 This practice explains the procedure for obtaining a
2
as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
representative sample to test of freshly mixed controlled
D 4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-
lowstrength material (CLSM) as delivered to the project site
2
trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
(Note 1).This practice includes sampling from revolving-drum
D 6023 Test Method for UnitWeight,Yield andAir Content
truck mixers and from agitating equipment used to transport
(Gravimetric) of Controlled Low Strength Material
central-mixed CLSM.
3
(CLSM)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 6103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled
standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for informa-
3
Low Strength Material (CLSM)
tion only.
NOTE 1—Composite samples are required by this practice unless 3. Terminology
specifically excepted by procedures governing the tests to be performed,
3.1 Definitions: For common definitions of terms in this
such as tests to determine uniformity of consistency and mixer efficiency.
standard, refer to Terminology D 653.
Procedures used to select the specific test batches are not described in this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
practice. It is recommended that random sampling be used to determine
3.2.1 composite sample, n—a sample that is constructed by
overall specification compliance.
combining equal portions of grab samples taken at two or more
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
regularly spaced intervals during discharge of the middle
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
portion of the batch of CLSM.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 controlled low-strength material (CLSM), n—a mix-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ture of Portland cement, fly ash, aggregates, water, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
possibly chemical admixtures that, as the cement hydrates,
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
forms a soil replacement material. The CLSM is a self
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
compacting, flowable, cementitious material that is primarily
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
used as a backfill or structural fill instead of compacted fill or
with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice
unsuitable native soil. Depending on the amount of water used
may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is
in the CLSM mixture, it can be placed as a non-flowable
not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by
compacted material or as a mortar.
which the adequacy of a given professional service must be
3.2.3 flow consistency, n—measured by the average diam-
judged, nor should this document be applied without consid-
eter of the spread achieved by removal of the flow cylinder.
eration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “stan-
dard” in the title of this document means only that the
4. Significance and Use
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus
4.1 This practice shall be used to provide a representative
process.
sample of the material for the purpose of testing various
properties. The procedures used in sampling shall include the
2. Referenced Documents
use of every precaution that will assist in obtaining samples
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that are truly representative of the nature and condition of the
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2 CLSM.
Fluids
NOTE 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization with
criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent
Admixtures.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originally
published as PS 30 – 95. Last previous edition D 5971 – 96.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Su
...

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Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used to provide a representative sample of the material for the purpose of testing various properties. The procedures used in sampling shall include the use of every precaution that will assist in obtaining samples that are truly representative of the nature and condition of the CLSM.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
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1.1 This practice explains the procedure for obtaining a representative sample of freshly mixed controlled low-strength material (CLSM) as delivered to the project site on which tests are to be performed to determine compliance with quality requirements of the specifications under which the CLSM is furnished (Note 1). This practice includes sampling from revolving-drum truck mixers and from agitating equipment used to transport central-mixed CLSM. This Practice is based on Practice C172 for concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Composite samples are required by this practice unless specifically excepted by procedures governing the tests to be performed, such as tests to determine uniformity of consistency and mixer efficiency. Procedures used to select the specific test batches are not described in this practice. It is recommended that random sampling be used to determine overall specification compliance.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide identifies test methods used in the process of determining the characteristics of fabrics used to form fine aggregate concrete for properties such as mass, apparent opening size, tensile strength, water permeability and other mechanical properties.  
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Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

ABSTRACT
This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both. It also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods. This standard recommends what approaches may be taken and indicates which standards may be used to perform such assessments.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The creation of a standardized test method generally follows a series of steps from inception to approval and ongoing use. In all such stages there are questions of how well the test method performs.  
4.1.1 Assessments of a new or existing test method generally involve statistical planning and analysis. This standard recommends what approaches may be taken and indicates which standards may be used to perform such assessments.  
4.2 This standard introduces a series of phases which are recommended to be considered during the life cycle of a test method as depicted in Fig. 1. These begin with a design phase where the standard is initially prepared. A development phase involves a variety of experiments that allow further refinement and understanding of how the test method performs within a laboratory. In an evaluation phase the test method is then examined by way of interlaboratory studies resulting in precision and bias statistics which are published in the standard. Finally, the test method is subject to a monitoring phase.
FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps  
4.3 All ASTM test methods are required to include statements on precision and bias.3  
4.4 Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory studies, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted techniques that are beneficial to follow. This guide is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of conducting these procedures.  
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this guide is to provide guidelines for identifying the elements that comprise the test result of a test method and to illustrate how these elements combine into the test result. It covers the types of measurement scales used for expressing observations and test results. This guide provides information on the construction of test results from more elemental measurements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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ABSTRACT
This guide defines terms and introduces basic methods for probability sampling of discrete populations, areas, and bulk materials. It provides an overview of common probability sampling methods employed by users of ASTM standards. This guide also describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates. Practice E105 provides principles for designing probability sampling plans in relation to the objectives of study, costs, and practical constraints. Practice E122 aids in specifying the required sample size. Practice E141 describes conditions to ensure validity of the results of sampling. Further description of the designs and formulas in this guide, and beyond it, can be found in textbooks (1-10).3  
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4.4 A selection scheme designates which indexes constitute the sample. If certified random numbers completely control the selection scheme the sample is called a probability sample. Certified random numbers are those generated either from a table (for example, Ref (11)) that has been tested for equal digit frequencies and for serial independence, from a computer program that was checked to have a long cycle length, or from a random physical method such as tossing of a coin or a casino-quality spinner.  
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5.1 This practice is suitable for the determination of extractable substances that may be found in materials used in systems or components requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as oxygen systems. Soft goods, such as seals and valve seats, may be tested as received. Gloves and wipes, or samples thereof, to be used in cleaning operations may be evaluated prior to use to ensure that the proposed extracting agent does not extract or deposit chemicals, or both, on the surface to be cleaned.  
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1.1 This practice may be used to extract nonvolatile and semivolatile residues from materials such as new and used gloves, new and used wipes, component soft goods, and so forth. When used with proposed cleaning materials (wipes, gloves, and so forth), this practice may be used to determine the potential of the proposed solvent or other fluids to extract contaminants (plasticizers, residual detergents, brighteners, and so forth) and deposit them on the surface being cleaned.  
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Standard Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of Quantitation for a Test Method

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5.1 Background—In a single laboratory, the limit of quantitation, LOQ, equal to ten times the standard deviation obtained under repeatability conditions extrapolated to zero concentration (s0) based on samples with close to zero concentrations has been recommended.3 A test result at this LOQ has an uncertainty of ±30 % at the 99 % confidence level.  
5.1.1 This practice uses a regression technique to determine a similar limit for a test method (PLOQ) using statistically pooled repeatability standard deviations over multiple operators/laboratories/samples from ILS data. This PLOQ can be used by industry to assess the reliability of a test method, or, compare reliability of different test methods, for quantitative measurement at concentrations near zero. Similarly, quantitative test results obtained using the test method for levels at or below the PLOQ can be expected by industry to have an uncertainty of ±30 % or greater at the 95 % confidence level.  
5.1.2 The regression technique described in this practice can also be used to determine a limit of quantitation specific for a single laboratory (LLOQ). The limit thus quantified for one laboratory is defined by this standard as the laboratory limit of quantitation (LLOQ).  
5.1.3 It should be noted that since differences in repeatability testing capabilities between different laboratories can exist, therefore, LLOQ determined at a single laboratory can be different than the PLOQ determined for the test method.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of standard regression techniques and data from an interlaboratory study to determine a lower quantitative limit for a test method. This determined lower limit represents the numerical limit at or above which the test results are considered to be quantitatively meaningful for commerce or regulatory activities by this practice. It is defined by this standard as the pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) for the test method.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to test methods that are capable of producing numerical test results close to zero. Examples are those test methods that determine quantitatively the concentration of analyte(s) near zero.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E691-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method. This practice is also concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements. ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility and knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values or between data sources.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values (such as specification limits) or between data sources (different laboratories, instruments, etc.).  
4.1.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test method for that material. Numerical measures of the variability between such test results provide inverse measures of the precision of the test method. Greater variability implies smaller (that is, poorer) precision and larger imprecision.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method.  
1.2 This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but rather with gathering the information needed for a test method precision statement after the development stage has been successfully completed. The data obtained in the interlaboratory study may indicate, however, that further effort is needed to improve the test method.  
1.3 Since the primary purpose of this practice is the development of the information needed for a precision statement, the experimental design in this practice may not be optimum for evaluating materials, apparatus, or individual laboratories.  
1.4 Field of Application—This practice is concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements.  
1.4.1 This practice ...

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5.1 This method compares the performance of granular or pelletized activated carbons used in odor control applications, such as sewage treatment plants, pump stations, etc. The method determines the relative breakthrough performance of activated carbon for removing hydrogen sulfide from a humidified gas stream. Other organic contaminants present in field operations may affect the H2S breakthrough capacity of the carbon; these are not addressed by this test. This test does not simulate actual conditions encountered in an odor control application, and is therefore meant only to compare the hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacities of different carbons under the conditions of the laboratory test.  
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5.3 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters less than 2.5 mm. Application of this standard to activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) greater than 2.5 mm will require a larger diameter adsorption column. The ratio of column inside diameter to MPD should be greater than 10 in order to avoid wall effects. In these cases it is suggested that bed superficial velocity and contact time be held invariant at the conditions specified in this standard (4.77 cm/s and 4.8 s). Although not covered by this standard, data obtained from these tests may be reported as in paragraph 12 along with additional ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of virgin, newly impregnated or in-service, granular or pelletized activated carbon for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from an air stream, under the laboratory test conditions described herein. A humidified air stream containing 1 % (by volume) hydrogen sulfide is passed through a carbon bed until 50 ppm breakthrough of H2S is observed. The H2S adsorption capacity of the carbon per unit volume at 99.5 % removal efficiency (g H2S/cm3 carbon) is then calculated. This test is not necessarily applicable to non-carbon adsorptive materials.  
1.2 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) less than 2.5 mm. See paragraph 5.3 if activated carbons with larger MPDs are to be tested.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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