ASTM D7863-17

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Liquids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The reported values of convective heat transfer coefficients are somewhat dependent upon measurement technique and it is therefore the purpose of this guide to focus on methods to provide accurate measures of heat transfer and precise methods of reporting. The benefit of developing such a guide is to provide a well-understood basis by which heat transfer performance of fluids may be accurately compared and reported.  
5.2 For comparison of heat transfer performance of heat transfer fluids, measurement methods and test apparatus should be identical, but in reality heat transfer rigs show differences from rig to rig. Therefore, methods discussed in the guide are generally restricted to the use of heated tubes that have wall temperatures higher than the bulk fluid temperature and with turbulent flow conditions.  
5.3 Similar test methods are found in the technical literature, however it is generally left to the user to report results in a format of their choosing and therefore direct comparisons of results can be challenging.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting methods for evaluating the heating and cooling performance of liquids used to transfer heat where forced convection is the primary mode for heat transfer. Further, methods of comparison are presented to effectively and easily distinguish performance characteristics of the heat transfer fluids.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2017
• ICS: 27.200 - Refrigerating technology
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.06 - Non-Lubricating Process Fluids

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7863 − 17
Standard Guide for
Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* matic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
1.1 This guide covers general information, without specific
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
limits, for selecting methods for evaluating the heating and
D2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Rela-
cooling performance of liquids used to transfer heat where
tionship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liq-
forced convection is the primary mode for heat transfer.
uids by Isoteniscope
Further, methods of comparison are presented to effectively
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
and easily distinguish performance characteristics of the heat
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
transfer fluids.
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
standard.
(Micro Method)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Transfer Fluids
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter- Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Kinematic Viscosity)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemi-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cals
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.1 heat transfer fluid, n—a fluid which remains essen-
tially a liquid while transferring heat to or from an apparatus or
2. Referenced Documents
process,althoughthisguidedoesnotprecludetheevaluationof
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a heat transfer fluid that may be used in its vapor state.
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Heat transfer fluids may be hydrocar-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
bon or petroleum based such as polyglycols, esters, hydroge-
ity)
nated terphenyls, alkylated aromatics, diphenyl-oxide/biphenyl
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
blends, and mixtures of di- and triaryl-ethers. Small percent-
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
ages of functional components such as antioxidants, anti-wear
ucts by Hydrometer Method
and anti-corrosion agents, TBN, acid scavengers, or
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
dispersants, or a combination thereof, can be present.
3.1.2 heat transfer coeffıcient, n—a term, h, used to relate
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum the amount of heat transfer per unit area at a given temperature
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
difference between two media and for purposes of this guide,
mittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
the temperature difference is between a flow media and its
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally
surrounding conduit.
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7863 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/D7863-17.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The heat transfer coefficient for condi-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tions applicable to fluids flowing in circular conduits under
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
turbulent flow is referred to as the convective heat transfer
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. coefficient.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7863 − 17
4. Summa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7863 − 13 D7863 − 17
Standard Guide for
Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting methods for evaluating the heating and cooling
performance of liquids used to transfer heat where forced convection is the primary mode for heat transfer. Further, methods of
comparison are presented to effectively and easily distinguish performance characteristics of the heat transfer fluids.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
D2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by
Isoteniscope
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D2879D4052 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature Density,
Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by IsoteniscopeDigital Density Meter
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat Transfer Fluids
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic
Viscosity)
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemicals
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 heat transfer fluid, n—a fluid which remains essentially a liquid while transferring heat to or from an apparatus or process,
although this guide does not preclude the evaluation of a heat transfer fluid that may be used in its vapor state.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Aug. 1, 2017. Published July 2013August 2017. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7863 – 13.
DOI: 10.1520/D7863-13.10.1520/D7863-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7863 − 17
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Heat transfer fluids may be hydrocarbon or petroleum based such as polyglycols, esters, hydrogenated terphenyls, alkylated
aromatics, diphenyl-oxide/biphenyl blends, and mixtures of di- and triaryl-ethers. Small percentages of functional components
such as antioxidants, anti-wear and anti-corrosion agents, TBN, acid scavengers, or dispersants, or a combination thereof, can be
present.
3.1.2 heat transfer coeffıcient, n—a term,
...