ASTM D5061-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Textural Components of Metallurgical Coke
Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Textural Components of Metallurgical Coke
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the volume percent of the textural components in coke is useful to characterize the optical properties of coke as it relates to utilization. Specifically, the technique has been used as an aid in determining coal blend proportions, and recognition of features present in the coke that can be responsible for coke quality or production problems such as reduced coke strength or difficulty in removing coke from commercial coke ovens, or both. The study of coke textures is also useful in promoting a better understanding of coke reactivity, and the relationship between coal petrography and its conversion to coke.4
5.2 This test method is used in scientific and industrial research, but not for compliance or referee tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and procedures used for determining the types and amounts of coke carbon forms and associated recognizable coal- and process-derived textural components in metallurgical coke in terms of volume percent. This test method does not include coke structural components such as coke pores, coke wall dimensions, or other structural associations.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5061 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Microscopical Determination of the Textural Components of
1
Metallurgical Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 binder phase, n—a continuous solid carbon matrix
formed during the thermoplastic deformation of those coal
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and procedures
macerals that become plastic during carbonization.
used for determining the types and amounts of coke carbon
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The binder phase material is formed
forms and associated recognizable coal- and process-derived
from the thermoplastic deformation of reactive (vitrinite and
textural components in metallurgical coke in terms of volume
liptinite) and semi-inert (semifusinite) coal macerals of metal-
percent. This test method does not include coke structural
lurgical bituminous coals. During thermoplasticity, the inert
componentssuchascokepores,cokewalldimensions,orother
structural associations. coalmaceralandmineralarepartlyorwhollyincorporatedinto
thebinderphase.Also,mostofthecokeporesarelocatedinthe
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
binder phase.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.2.3 carbon form, n—microscopically distinguishable car-
bonaceous textural components of coke, but excluding mineral
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
carbonates.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.3.1 Discussion—Carbon forms are recognized on the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
basisoftheirreflectance,anisotropy,andmorphology.Theyare
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
derived from the organic portion of coal and can be anisotropic
or isotropic.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 circularanisotropicphase,n—agroupofbinder-phase
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
anisotropic carbon textures that are distinguished by approxi-
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
mately circular domains (that is length equals width) and
D3997/D3997M Practice for Preparing Coke Samples for
composedoffinecircular(0.5to1.0-µm),mediumcircular(1.0
Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light
to 1.5-µm), and coarse circular (1.5 to 2.0-µm) size categories.
3.2.5 coke pore, n—a microscopically distinguishable void
3. Terminology
that is a structural element of coke.
3.1 Definitions—For additional definitions of terms used in
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Coke pores are considered to be nearly
this test method, refer to Terminology D121.
spherical-shaped voids created by the entrapment of gaseous
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
volatiles during the solidification of thermoplastic coal.
3.2.1 anisotropic, adj—exhibiting optical properties of dif-
However,othertypesofvoidscanbedistinguishedincokethat
ferent values when viewed with an optical microscope having
include fractures or cracks, interconnected and elongated
mutuallyexclusivepolarizedlight,forexample,crossednicols.
pores, and the open cell lumens of fusinite and semifusinite.
The size and shape of the voids are coal rank and grade, and to
some degree, process dependent. Pore sizes vary from tens of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
angstroms to tens of millimetres in any given coke.
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.28 on Petrographic
3.2.6 coke reactivity, n—a measure of the mass loss when
Analysis of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
coke, held at a designated temperature, is contacted with
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5061 - 07. DOI:
gaseous carbon dioxide over a specific time interval.
10.1520/D5061-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.7 coke wall, n—apredominantlycarbonaceouslayerthat
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
encloses a coke pore and which is a structural element and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. essence of coke.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5061 − 16
3.2.8 depositional carbon, n—a group of carbon forms that derived components (binder-phase, filler-phase, and miscella-
are formed from cracking and nucleation of gas-phase hydro-
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5061 − 07 D5061 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Microscopical Determination of the Textural Components of
1
Metallurgical Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and procedures used for determining the types and amounts of coke carbon forms
and associated recognizable coal- and process-derived textural components in metallurgical coke in terms of volume percent. This
test method does not include coke structural components such as coke pores, coke wall dimensions, or other structural associations.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D121 Terminology of Coal and Coke
D3997D3997/D3997M Practice for Preparing Coke Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For additional definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D121.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 anisotropic, adj—exhibiting optical properties of different values when viewed with an optical microscope having
mutually exclusive polarized light, for example, crossed nicols.
3.2.2 binder phase, n—a continuous solid carbon matrix formed during the thermoplastic deformation of those coal macerals
that become plastic during carbonization.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.28 on Petrographic Analysis
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007April 1, 2016. Published Ocotber 2007April 2016. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
D5061 - 05.D5061 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5061-07.10.1520/D5061-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The binder phase material is formed from the thermoplastic deformation of reactive (vitrinite and liptinite) and semi-inert
(semifusinite) coal macerals of metallurgical bituminous coals. During thermoplasticity, the inert coal maceral and mineral are
partly or wholly incorporated into the binder phase. Also, most of the coke pores are located in the binder phase.
3.2.3 carbon form, n—microscopically distinguishable carbonaceous textural components of coke, but excluding mineral
carbonates.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Carbon forms are recognized on the basis of their reflectance, anisotropy, and morphology. They are derived from the organic
portion of coal and can be anisotropic or isotropic.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5061 − 16
3.2.4 circular anisotropic phase, n—a group of binder-phase anisotropic carbon textures that are distinguished by approximately
circular domains (that is length equals width) and composed of fine circular (0.5 to 1.0-μm), medium circular (1.0 to 1.5-μm), and
coarse circular (1.5 to 2.0-μm) size categories.
3.2.5 coke pore, n—a microscopically distinguishable void that is a structural element of coke.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
Coke pores are considered to be nearly spherical-shaped voids created by the entrapment of gaseous volatiles during the
solidification of thermoplastic coal. However, other types of voids can be distinguished in coke that include fractures or cracks,
interconnected and elongated pores, and the open cell lumens of fusinite and semifusinite. The size and shape of the voids are coal
rank and grade, and to some degree, process dependent. Pore sizes vary from tens of angstroms to tens of millimetres in any given
coke.
3.2.6 coke reactivity, n—a measure of the mass loss when coke, he
...
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