ASTM D5125-97(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for the determination of package and application viscosities of paints and other coatings. It is limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids.
This test method may be used similarly to ISO 2431 in conjunction with flashpoint to determine the hazard grouping of viscous liquids in international regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow time (viscosity) of Newtonian and near-Newtonian paints, and related coatings and products using ISO capillary flow cups.
Note 1—If the liquid is non-Newtonian, that is shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Methods D 2196 should be used.
1.2 The cup-orifice combination (ISO cup with orifice diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm) is selected to provide an efflux time with the range of 20 to 100 s and viscosities up to 700 cSt (700 mm2/s). The most commonly used cup is the one with the 4-mm orifice.
1.3 This test method is limited to testing materials for which the breakpoint of the flow from the orifice of the flow cup can be determined with certainty. This point is difficult to determine and reproduce for materials with flow times in excess of 100 s due to slowing-down effects.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) include in their regulations a similar test (ISO 2431) to determine the viscosity of hazardous viscous liquids. The viscosity is then used to place these liquids in a hazard packaging group depending on their viscosity/flashpoint relationship. The U. S. Department of Transportation permits the use of these regulations for transhipment of hazardous material within the U.S. when bound for foreign destinations.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D5125–97(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flow 2.1 ASTM Standards:
time (viscosity) of Newtonian and near-Newtonian paints, and D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
related coatings and products using ISO capillary flow cups. Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Vis-
cometer
NOTE 1—If the liquid is non-Newtonian, that is shear-thinning or
D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
thixotropic, Test Methods D2196 should be used.
Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
1.2 The cup-orifice combination (ISO cup with orifice
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm) is selected to
Pigmented Coatings
provide an efflux time with the range of 20 to 100 s and
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
viscosities up to 700 cSt (700 mm /s). The most commonly
2.2 ISO Documents:
used cup is the one with the 4-mm orifice.
ISO 2431 Paints and Varnishes: Determination of Flow
1.3 Thistestmethodislimitedtotestingmaterialsforwhich
Time by Use of a Flow Cup
the breakpoint of the flow from the orifice of the flow cup can
be determined with certainty. This point is difficult to deter-
3. Terminology
mine and reproduce for materials with flow times in excess of
3.1 Definitions:
100 s due to slowing-down effects.
3.1.1 dynamic viscosity, n—the ratio of the applied shear
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
stress to shear rate.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1.1 Discussion—TheSIunitfordynamicviscosityisthe
only.
pascal second (Pas). The traditional unit is the centipoise (cP);
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety
1 cP = 1 mPas.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.1.2 flow time, n—the elapsed time from the moment when
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
the material under test starts to flow from the orifice of the
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
filled cup to the moment when the flow stream of material first
limitations prior to use.
breaks close to the orifice.
3.1.3 kinematic viscosity, n—the ratio of the dynamic vis-
NOTE 2—TheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization(ICAO)andthe
International Maritime Organization (IMO) include in their regulations a
cosity to the density of the liquid.
similar test (ISO 2431) to determine the viscosity of hazardous viscous
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The SI unit for kinematic viscosity is
liquids. The viscosity is then used to place these liquids in a hazard 2
the square metre per second (m /s). The traditional unit is the
packaging group depending on their viscosity/flashpoint relationship. The
centistokes (cSt); 1 cSt = 1 mm /s.
U.S.DepartmentofTransportationpermitstheuseoftheseregulationsfor
3.1.4 near-Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid in which the
transhipment of hazardous material within the U.S. when bound for
variation of viscosity with shear rate is small and the effect on
foreign destinations.
viscosity of mechanical disturbances such as stirring is negli-
gible.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D5125 – 97. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5125-97R05. the ASTM website.
2 4
An ISO-type cup with an orifice diameter of 8 mm is available, but it is not Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
listed in ISO 2431 and precision and accuracy are not known. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5125–97 (2005)
3.1.5 Newtonian liquid, n—aliquidinwhichtheviscosityis 6.5 Flat Glass Plate or Straight-Edge Scraper.
independent of the shear stress or shear rate. Compare non- 6.6 Stopwatch, or other suitable timing-device with scale
Newtonian liquid. divisions of 0.5 s or finer and accurate to within 0.2 % when
3.1.6 non-Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid in which the ratio tested over a 60-min period.
of shear stress to shear rate is not constant. 6.7 Temperature-Controlled Room or Enclosure, capable of
maintaining the cup and sample at a recommended, constant
4. Summary of Test Method
temperature.
4.1 The ISO flow cup is filled level full with the material
7. Reagents and Materials
under test that has been conditioned at the specified measuring
7.1 Certified kinematic viscosity standards.
temperature (see 10.2.2) and the time for the material to flow
through one of the standard orifices is determined.
8. Sampling
5. Significance and Use 8.1 Sample material in accordance with Practice D3925.
8.2 Before testing, it is advisable to strain the sample
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of
through an appropriate sieve into a clean dry container. This is
package and application viscosities of paints and other coat-
mandatory for referee purposes. Mix the material thoroughly
ings. It is limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids.
while at the same time avoiding, as far as possible, loss of
5.2 This test method may be used similarly to ISO 2431 in
solvent by evaporation.
conjunction with flashpoint to determine the hazard grouping
of viscous liquids in international regulations.
NOTE 4—150 mL of strained material is sufficient for one test.
6. Apparatus 9. Calibration
6.1 ISO Capillary Flow Cups—ISO cups look like Ford 9.1 Dimensionally similar cups will give, with Newtonian
cups, but instead of the non-capillary hole in the bottom of the
liquids,suchasastandardoil,similarflowtimes,providedthat
Ford cup, the ISO cup has a 20-mm capillary and is more like the temperature of testing is precisely the same. The use of
a true capillary viscometer.
such liquids to calibrate cups provides a useful means of
6.1.1 Dimensions—ThedimensionsoftheISOflowcupand initially checking that dimensionally similar cups are within
the tolerances allowed in manufacture shall be as given in Fig.
the accepted tolerances of performance and also for checking
1. The most critical tolerance is the internal diameter of the jet from time to time whether any wear or damage has taken place
of the cup, because the flow time is inversely proportional to
sufficient to bring a cup outside the accepted tolerances.
the fourth power of this dimension. The jet of the cup shall be 9.2 For calibration of any particular cup, use a standard oil
made of stainless steel or sintered carbide unless otherwise
of known kinematic viscosity and draw a graph of kinematic
specified, and the body of the cup shall be made of a material viscosity versus temperature from the data given by the
that is corrosion resistant and is not affected by the products to
supplier for the oil.
be tested. 9.3 Using the relevant procedure described in Section 1010,
6.1.2 Construction—The dimensions not specified, such as determine the flow of time of the oil at a known temperature
wall thickness, shall be such that no distortion of the cup can within the range 20 to 30°C (68 to 80°F), measured to the
occur in use. The external shape shown in Fig. 1 is recom- nearest 0.1°C.
mended, but may be modified for convenience of use, or 9.3.1 Recordthisflowtime,whichshouldbeintherange30
manufacture, provided that the protruding jet of the cup is to 100 s and preferably near the midpoint of this range, to an
protected from accidental damage as far as possible by an accuracy of 0.2 s.
external protective sleeve. Such a protective sleeve shall not be 9.4 Fromthepreparedgraph,readthekinematicviscosityat
immediately adjacent to the jet, so as to prevent a capillary
the test temperature.
action when the material under test flows out. 9.4.1 Using the appropriate calibration graph of Fig. 2, Fig.
6.1.3 Finish—The interior surfaces of the cups, including
3, Fig. 4 or Fig. 5, read the flow time corresponding to this
the orifice, shall be smooth and free of turning marks, crevices, kinematic viscosity.
ledgesandburrsthatmaycauserandomflow,ortrapsampleor
9.5 If the two values of flow time obtained do not differ by
cleaning material. The standard of finish required is equivalent more than 3 %, the cup may be deemed satisfactory for use.
toamaximumroughnessofnotmorethan0.5µm(seeNote3).
9.6
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