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ASTM D6891-09a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed to evaluate automotive lubricant's effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overhead valve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.
Note 1—This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single source equipment specified.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2009
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6891-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D6891-10 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009

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ASTM D6891-09a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition EngineASTM D6891-09a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine
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REDLINE ASTM D6891-09a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition EngineREDLINE ASTM D6891-09a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine
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REDLINE ASTM D6891-09a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D6891 – 09a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA
1
Spark-Ignition Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to
D287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
controlcamshaftlobewearforspark-ignitionenginesequipped
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling
ucts (Reid Method)
vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe
ration
wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used
ity)
engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total
(Induction Period Method)
oilconsumption,canbeusefulintheassessmentofthevalidity
2
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline
of the test results.
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
standard.
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
single source equipment specified.
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for
4
Duty Conditions
specific safety precautions.
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
4
2. Referenced Documents
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
3
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 API Standard:
5
API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2.3 SAE Standards:
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
6
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally Classification
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6891–09. DOI:
SAE J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas
10.1520/D6891-09a.
6
Emissions Measurement
2
TheASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by
means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from theASTM
Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,
4
Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporates all Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
Information Letters through No. 08–1. on www.astm.org.
3 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20005.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

----------------
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6891–09 Designation: D6891 – 09a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA
1
Spark-Ignition Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped
with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle
operation. The Sequence IVATest Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at
seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear
metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal
2
concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single
source equipment specified.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and
Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5302 TestMethodforEvaluationofAutomotiveEngineOilsforInhibitionofDepositFormationandWearinaSpark-Ignition
Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 API Standard:
4
API 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System
2.3 SAE Standards:
5
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 on
Automotive Lubricants.
Current edition approved April 15,Oct. 1, 2009. Published OctoberNovember 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20062009 as
D6891–06a.D6891–09. DOI: 10.1520/D6891-09a.
2
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test
Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This edition incorporates all Information Letters
through No. 06–1. 08–1.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.
5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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