ASTM D2419-02

Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of claylike material present in the test specimen.
A minimum sand equivalent value may be specified to limit the permissible quantity of claylike fines in an aggregate.
This test method provides a rapid field method for determining changes in the quality of aggregates during production or placement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field-correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate, under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-like or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The term "sand equivalent" expresses the concept that most granular soils and fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand, and generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust.
Note 1—Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size smaller than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping the clay-like or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm (No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower the numerical results of the test.
1.2 Units of Measurement
1.2.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of the dimensions of the special sand equivalent test apparatus described in , in which the the inch dimensions are standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2002
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.51 - Aggregate Tests

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2419-95 - Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D2419-09 - Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D653-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C33/C33M-23 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8-22a - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2940/D2940M-20 - Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1077-17 - Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6932/D6932M-21 - Standard Guide for Materials and Construction of Open-Graded Friction Course Plant Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3744/D3744M-18 - Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3910-21 - Standard Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7564/D7564M-16 - Standard Practice for Construction of Asphalt-Rubber Cape Seal
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7064/D7064M-21 - Standard Practice for Open-Graded Friction Course (OGFC) Asphalt Mixture Design
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4223/D4223M-20 - Standard Practices for Preparation of Test Specimens of Asphalt-Stabilized Soils
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6372-23 - Standard Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction of Microsurfacing
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2419–02
Standard Test Method for
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Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
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Fluids
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field-
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth and Sieves for Testing
correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate,
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Purposes
under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-like
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates
T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded
that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equiva-
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Aggregates and Soils by Use of Sand Equivalent Test
lent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and fine
aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand, and
3. Terminology
generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 1—Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size
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3.1.1 fine aggregate—aggregatepassingthe9.5-mm( ⁄8-in.)
smaller than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.This is done to avoid trapping the
sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
clay-like or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm
and predominantly retained on the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve (see
(No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower
TerminologyD8).
the numerical results of the test.
3.1.2 sand equivalent—a measure of the amount of silt or
1.2 Units of Measurement:
clay contamination in the fine aggregate (or soil) as determined
1.2.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
by test (see Terminology D 653). (For further explanation, see
standard, with the exception of the dimensions of the special
Summary of Test Method and Significance and Use.)
sand equivalent test apparatus described in Fig. 1, in which the
3.1.3 soil—sediments or other unconsolidated accumula-
the inch dimensions are standard. Values in parentheses are for
tions of solid particles produced by the physical and chemical
information only.
disintegration of rocks which may or may not contain organic
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
matter (see Terminology D 653).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Ameasured volume of soil or fine aggregate and a small
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
quantity of flocculating solution are poured into a graduated
plastic cylinder and are agitated to loosen the claylike coatings
2. Referenced Documents
from the sand particles in the test specimen. The specimen is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
then “irrigated” using additional flocculating solution forcing
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
the claylike material into suspension above the sand. After a
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for Test Methods for Construction Materials
prescribed sedimentation period, the height of flocculated clay
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
isreadandtheheightofsandinthecylinderisdetermined.The
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Testing Size
sand equivalent is the ratio of the height of sand to the height
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
of clay times 100.
3
ments
3
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method assigns an empirical value to the
relative amount, fineness, and character of claylike material
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road present in the test specimen.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
Aggregate Tests.
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Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
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published as D 2419 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2419 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Officials, 444 N. Capitol St. NW, Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2419–02
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