ASTM D2982-07(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Detecting Glycol-Base Antifreeze in Used Lubricating Oils
Standard Test Methods for Detecting Glycol-Base Antifreeze in Used Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Leakage of glycol-base antifreeze into the crankcase is serious because the coolant tends to interfere with the lubricant and its ability to lubricate; it also promotes sludging. Ethylene glycol present in the coolant can increase varnish deposit formation in the crankcase as a result of glycol oxidation and the interaction between glycol and lubricant. Furthermore, because glycol is a higher boiling material than water, it will tend to stay longer in the crankcase oil than water. Lubricant displacement, sludging, and deposit formation all lead to engine malfunction and possible seizure.
5.2 These tests are designed to detect glycol-base coolant contamination even at low levels because early detection enables corrective measures to be taken to prevent leaking coolant from accumulating and seriously damaging the engine.
5.3 These test methods are also significant because the reagents can be packaged as a field kit, and the procedure can be followed at the site where there is a concern.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the qualitative determination of glycol-base antifreeze in used lubricating oils (mineral base) by two procedures, one using reagents in tablet form and the other using laboratory shelf reagents. Principally the test methods detect ethylene glycol but will also detect other 1,2-glycols that may be present.
1.1.1 When a positive result is obtained and a sample of the unused oil is available, the unused oil is also tested and used as a reference.Note 1—Since the inception of this test method (1971), there have been many changes in base stock technology and additive technology. Therefore, when available, the new, unused oil, or a sample of the same used oil, known to not contain antifreeze, is tested as a reference.
1.2 The tablet procedure (Procedure A) is sensitive to about 100 mg/kg and the shelf reagent procedure (Procedure B) to about 300 mg/kg of ethylene glycol.
1.3 Glycol-based coolant leaks into crankcases may not be detected or may result in a low bias using these test methods if the glycol has degraded or been thermally or otherwise oxidized. The conditions in crankcases may be such that contaminant glycols are oxidized or degraded to a degree to which the color indicator reaction does not occur or is biased enough so as to not trigger the color change. Other test methods for the detection of coolants or coolant additives in lubricating oils should be used if the results from these test methods alone are inconclusive or questionable.
1.4 Carbohydrates such as sugars and sugar-containing substances are sometimes used for sabotage purposes. If the presence of these substances is suspected, Procedure A contains a modification to remove these interferences.
1.5 Both procedures are adaptable to field kit use, and brief descriptions for converting to field kit form are given in Annex A1.
1.5.1 Commercial field testing kits are available.2,3
1.6 The results obtained by this method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the procedures, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D2982 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Methods for
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Detecting Glycol-Base Antifreeze in Used Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 1.5.1 Commercial field testing kits are available.
1.6 The results obtained by this method are qualitative
1.1 These test methods cover the qualitative determination
expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in
ofglycol-baseantifreezeinusedlubricatingoils(mineralbase)
the procedures, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the
by two procedures, one using reagents in tablet form and the
standard.
other using laboratory shelf reagents. Principally the test
methods detect ethylene glycol but will also detect other 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1,2-glycols that may be present.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.1.1 When a positive result is obtained and a sample of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
unused oil is available, the unused oil is also tested and used as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a reference.
NOTE1—Sincetheinceptionofthistestmethod(1971),therehavebeen
2. Referenced Documents
many changes in base stock technology and additive technology.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
Therefore, when available, the new, unused oil, or a sample of the same
used oil, known to not contain antifreeze, is tested as a reference. D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
1.2 The tablet procedure (ProcedureA) is sensitive to about
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
100 mg/kg and the shelf reagent procedure (Procedure B) to
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
about 300 mg/kg of ethylene glycol.
Petroleum Products
1.3 Glycol-based coolant leaks into crankcases may not be D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
detected or may result in a low bias using these test methods if Products, and Lubricants
the glycol has degraded or been thermally or otherwise D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
oxidized. The conditions in crankcases may be such that Petroleum Products
contaminant glycols are oxidized or degraded to a degree to
3. Terminology
which the color indicator reaction does not occur or is biased
enough so as to not trigger the color change. Other test
3.1 Definitions:
methods for the detection of coolants or coolant additives in
3.1.1 glycol-base antifreeze, n—in engine coolants,ethylene
lubricating oils should be used if the results from these test
or propylene glycol commonly used in admixture with water
methods alone are inconclusive or questionable.
and additives to lower the coolant freezing point.
1.4 Carbohydrates such as sugars and sugar-containing 3.1.2 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of
equipment (for example, an engine, gear box, transformer, or
substances are sometimes used for sabotage purposes. If the
turbine) whether operated or not.
presence of these substances is suspected, Procedure A con-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In the development of this test method,
tains a modification to remove these interferences.
1.5 Both procedures are adaptable to field kit use, and brief
descriptions for converting to field kit form are given in Annex
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The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
A1.
is the Gly-Tek Test Kit available from the Nelco Co., 1047 McKnight Rd., S., St.
Paul, MN 55119. In Canada, it is available from Metro Tech Preventative
Maintenance Ltd., 112-5621, 11th St., N.E., Calgary, AB, Canada T2E 6Z7.
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If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
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Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit- ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
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tee D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2982 – 07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2982-07R13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM I
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