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ASTM F2465/F2465M-05(2011)e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems

Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems

ABSTRACT
This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide also covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles. Oil spill dispersant spray equipment shall conform to the minimum performance requirements such as target dosage, dispersant flow or injection rate determination, droplet size distribution, and maximum delivery variation over spray switch. Materials used in the spray systems shall be corrosion-resistant to salt water and shall be able to be used or stored at extreme temperatures. Performance data shall be provided to user, including information such as dilute versus neat application, dosage chart, accuracy of data, nozzles and pumps, and operational manual.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have been based on or evolved from “fire-monitor” systems, and is not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/nozzle or aircraft systems.
1.3 This guide is one of five related to dispersant application systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five guides (listed in 2.1) is recommended.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2011
ICS
13.020.40 - Pollution, pollution control and conservation
Technical Committee
F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
Drafting Committee
F20.13 - Treatment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2465-05 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011
Replaced By
ASTM F2465/F2465M-05(2016) - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
Effective Date
01-Feb-2016
Referred By
ASTM F1737/F1737M-23 - Standard Guide for Use of Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment During Spill Response: Boom and Nozzle Systems
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011

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ASTM F2465/F2465M-05(2011)e1 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray SystemsASTM F2465/F2465M-05(2011)e1 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
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ASTM F2465/F2465M-05(2011)e1 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: F2465/F2465M − 05(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point
Spray Systems
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2465/F2465M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in October 2011.
1. Scope F1413 Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equip-
ment: Boom and Nozzle Systems
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements,
F1460 Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill DispersantApplica-
material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill
tion Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
dispersant application systems.This guide is not intended to be
F1737 Guide for Use of Oil Spill Dispersant Application
restrictive to a specific configuration.
Equipment During Spill Response: Boom and Nozzle
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employ-
Systems
ing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have
F1738 Test Method for Determination of Deposition of
been based on or evolved from “fire-monitor” systems, and is
Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/
nozzle or aircraft systems.
3. Equipment Description
1.3 Thisguideisoneoffiverelatedtodispersantapplication
3.1 General—“Single-point” oil spill dispersant spray sys-
systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and
tems include spray nozzles, some of which may be similar to
nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition
those used in firefighting, that generate a spray pattern directed
measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five
out from a location on the side of the vessel without the need
guides (listed in 2.1) is recommended.
for an outrigger boom or spray arm system to support the spray
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
nozzle. The system includes a pumping or pressure system to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in deliver dispersants to the nozzle(s) or device used to spray the
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
dispersant out onto the oil slick, and associated piping and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
control valves. All systems shall include flow meters and
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
pressure gauges to monitor the dispersant discharge. All
with the standard.
systems shall be equipped with provision for cleaning and
drainage. System components shall be designed to give a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
uniform droplet spray and volumetric coverage as described in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this guide.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—Nozzles used in firefighting applications are generally de-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
signed to direct a large quantity of water or firefighting foam, or both, to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a small area or fire hot spot. As such, many standard firefighting nozzles
are not suitable for effective application of dispersant. Some firefighting
2. Referenced Documents
nozzles have variable spray pattern adjustment and flow control and these
may be suitable for dispersant application. Some foam application nozzles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
have been designed to generate uniform, volumetric fallout along the
length of their spray pattern and these have potential for dispersant
application. Nozzles specifically designed for use in single-point disper-
sant application systems are also available.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.2 Modes of Operation—Typical operational modes could
F20.13 on Treatment.
include two nozzles, one mounted on the port deck rail and the
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published October 2011. Originally
other on the starboard deck rail, both located towards the bow
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F2465 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/F2465_F2465M-05R11E01.
of the vessel. The nozzles are supplied dispersant from either a
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
common or separate pumps and are plumbed to permit inde-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
pendent operation and flow control. The nozzles spray disper-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sant out from the side of the vessel perpendicular to the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
F2465/F2465M − 05 (2011)
direction of the vessel’s movement and treat oil on each side of 3.5.4 The vessel platform has slow transit and application
the vessel in the zone free of the influence of the vessel’s bow speeds when compared with aircraft application systems (a
wave as it moves through the slick. This type of operation is problem common to all vessel-based application methods).
only effective in light winds.
4. Minimum Equipment Performance Specifications
3.2.1 In moderate to high wind conditions the vessel would
travel in a cross-wind direction, and dispersant would be
4.1 Target Dosage—Oil spill dispersant spray equipment
sprayed downwind, only from the nozzle mounted on the
shall provide a dispersant dosage of between 20 to 1000 L per
downwind side of the vessel. If nozzles were mounted on both
hectare [2 to 100 U.S. gal per acre]. It is not a requirement that
sides of the vessels only the downwind of the two nozzles
a single system cover the entire range. Section 7.2 of this
would be used at any given time. Use of the two nozzles would
standard lists the requirements for dosage and application data
alternate when the vessel reverses direction after completing a
to be provided by the manufacturer.
spray pass. Smaller single-point spray systems can utilize
4.2 Dispersant Flow or Injection Rate Determination—The
portable, “manned” nozzles to permit the operator to direct the
dispersant flow from each single-point nozzle shall be moni-
spray from the side of the vessel onto oil slicks either while the
tored using appropriate pressure and flow meters. The disper-
vessel is moving or stationary. This allows the operator to
sant flow rate (for diluted application, the dispersant flow rate
target heavier patches of oil with dispersant as required.
is equal to the dispersant injection rate) must be sufficient to
3.3 Neat versus DiluteApplication—Single-point spray sys-
produce the required dosage on the thickness of oil being
tems may be used to apply dispersant neat or diluted, depend-
encountered
ing on the manufacturer’s usage guidelines and on the slick
4.2.1 Dispersant flow rate (DFR) shall be verified using the
conditions. Operators should be aware that some dispersant
following equations:
products are less effective when applied diluted with seawater.
DFR 5 S 3W 3D 31.67 310 (1)
Manufacturer’s recommended usage guidelines and indepen-
dent research on dispersant effectiveness testing shall be
where:
consulted when considering dilute application.
DFR = dispersant flow rate, L/min,
3.4 Operational Advantages: S = speed of the delivery vehicle, km/h,
W = swath width, m, and
3.4.1 In operational terms, single-point spray systems may
D = dosage, L/ha.
offer the following advantages over vessel-based application
systems:
3.4.1.1 No specialized spray booms, spray boom attach-
Or equivalently in U.S. units:
ments, or supports are required, which makes the system easy
DFR 5 S 3W 3D 32.33 310 (2)
to install on vessels-of-opportunity.
where:
3.4.1.2 Less possibility of damage to the spray equipment in
rough sea conditions.
DFR = dispersant flow rate, U.S. gal/min (USGPM),
3.4.1.3 The spray swath can be considerably wider than S = speed of the delivery vehicle, knots,
conventional spray boom/multi-nozzle systems. W = swath width, ft, and
D = dosage, U.S. gal per acre (USGPA).
3.4.2 Single-point spray systems may offer the following
advantages over conventional boom and nozzle application
4.3 Droplet Size Distribution—The droplet size distribution
systems:
of the dispersant reaching the target shall have a Volume
3.4.2.1 The single nozzles are easier to maintain than the
Median Diameter (VMD) of between 300 to 800 µm. The
mult
...

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1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM
ASTM F2327-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Airborne Remote Sensing Systems for Detection and Monitoring of Oil on Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 The contributions that an effective remote sensing system can make are:  
2.1.1 Provide a strategic picture of the overall spill,  
2.1.2 Assist in detection of slicks when they are not visible by persons operating at, or near, the water's surface or at night,  
2.1.3 Provide location of slicks containing the most oil,  
2.1.4 Provide input for the operational deployment of equipment,  
2.1.5 Extend the hours of clean-up operations to include darkness and poor visibility,  
2.1.6 Identify oceanographic and geographic features toward which the oil may migrate,  
2.1.7 Locate unreported oil-on-water,  
2.1.8 Collect evidence linking oil-on-water to its source,  
2.1.9 Help reduce the time and effort for long range planning,  
2.1.10 A log, or time history, of the spill can be compiled from successive data runs, and  
2.1.11 A source of initial input for predictive models and for “truthing” or updating them over time.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for selection of remote sensing systems for the detection and monitoring of oil on water.  
1.2 This guide applies to the remote sensing of oil-on-water involving a variety of sensing devices used alone or in combination. The sensors may be mounted on vessels, in helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), drones, or aerostats. Excluded are situations where the aircraft are used solely as a telemetry or visual observation platform and exo-atmosphere or satellite systems.  
1.3 The context of sensor use is addressed to the extent it has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions or objectives.  
1.4 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water situations.  
1.5 Many sensors exhibit limitations with respect to discriminating the target substances under certain states of weathering, lighting, wind and sea, or in certain settings.  
1.6 This guide gives information for evaluating the capability of a remote surveillance technology to locate, determine the areal extent, as well as measure or approximate characteristics of oil spilled upon water.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Remote sensing of oil-on-water involves a number of safety issues associated with the modification of aircraft and their operation, particularly at low altitudes. Also, in some instances, hazardous materials or conditions (for example, certain gases, high voltages, etc.) can be involved. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off