ASTM F2465/F2465M-05(2016)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
ABSTRACT
This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide also covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles. Oil spill dispersant spray equipment shall conform to the minimum performance requirements such as target dosage, dispersant flow or injection rate determination, droplet size distribution, and maximum delivery variation over spray switch. Materials used in the spray systems shall be corrosion-resistant to salt water and shall be able to be used or stored at extreme temperatures. Performance data shall be provided to user, including information such as dilute versus neat application, dosage chart, accuracy of data, nozzles and pumps, and operational manual.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have been based on or evolved from “fire-monitor” systems, and is not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/nozzle or aircraft systems.
1.3 This guide is one of five related to dispersant application systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five guides (listed in 2.1) is recommended.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2465/F2465M − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point
Spray Systems
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2465/F2465M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1738 Test Method for Determination of Deposition of
Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements,
material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill
3. Equipment Description
dispersant application systems.This guide is not intended to be
restrictive to a specific configuration. 3.1 General—“Single-point” oil spill dispersant spray sys-
tems include spray nozzles, some of which may be similar to
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employ-
those used in firefighting, that generate a spray pattern directed
ing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have
out from a location on the side of the vessel without the need
been based on or evolved from “fire-monitor” systems, and is
for an outrigger boom or spray arm system to support the spray
not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/
nozzle. The system includes a pumping or pressure system to
nozzle or aircraft systems.
deliver dispersants to the nozzle(s) or device used to spray the
1.3 Thisguideisoneoffiverelatedtodispersantapplication
dispersant out onto the oil slick, and associated piping and
systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and
control valves. All systems shall include flow meters and
nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition
pressure gauges to monitor the dispersant discharge. All
measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five
systems shall be equipped with provision for cleaning and
guides (listed in 2.1) is recommended.
drainage. System components shall be designed to give a
uniform droplet spray and volumetric coverage as described in
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
this guide.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
NOTE 1—Nozzles used in firefighting applications are generally de-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
signed to direct a large quantity of water or firefighting foam, or both, to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
a small area or fire hot spot. As such, many standard firefighting nozzles
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
are not suitable for effective application of dispersant. Some firefighting
with the standard.
nozzles have variable spray pattern adjustment and flow control and these
may be suitable for dispersant application. Some foam application nozzles
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
have been designed to generate uniform, volumetric fallout along the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
length of their spray pattern and these have potential for dispersant
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
application. Nozzles specifically designed for use in single-point disper-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sant application systems are also available.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Modes of Operation—Typical operational modes could
include two nozzles, one mounted on the port deck rail and the
2. Referenced Documents
other on the starboard deck rail, both located towards the bow
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the vessel. The nozzles are supplied dispersant from either a
F1737 Guide for Use of Oil Spill Dispersant Application
common or separate pumps and are plumbed to permit inde-
Equipment During Spill Response: Boom and Nozzle
pendent operation and flow control. The nozzles spray disper-
Systems
sant out from the side of the vessel perpendicular to the
direction of the vessel’s movement and treat oil on each side of
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
the vessel in the zone free of the influence of the vessel’s bow
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
wave as it moves through the slick. This type of operation is
F20.13 on Treatment.
only effective in light winds.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published March 2016. Originally
3.2.1 In moderate to high wind conditions the vessel would
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2465/
ɛ1
F2465M – 05(2011) . DOI: 10.1520/F2465_F2465M-05R16.
travel in a cross-wind direction, and dispersant would be
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sprayed downwind, only from the nozzle mounted on the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
downwind side of the vessel. If nozzles were mounted on both
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sides of the vessels only the downwind of the two nozzles
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2465/F2465M − 05 (2016)
would be used at any given time. Use of the two nozzles would a single system cover the entire range. Section 7.2 of this
alternate when the vessel reverses direction after completing a standard lists the requirements for dosage and application data
spray pass. Smaller single-point spray systems can utilize to be provided by the manufacturer.
portable, “manned” nozzles to permit the operator to direct the
4.2 Dispersant Flow or Injection Rate Determination—The
spray from the side of the vessel onto oil slicks either while the
dispersant flow from each single-point nozzle shall be moni-
vessel is moving or stationary. This allows the operator to
tored using appropriate pressure and flow meters. The disper-
target heavier patches of oil with dispersant as required.
sant flow rate (for diluted application, the dispersant flow rate
3.3 Neat versus DiluteApplication—Single-point spray sys- is equal to the dispersant injection rate) must be sufficient to
tems may be used to apply dispersant neat or diluted, depend-
produce the required dosage on the thickness of oil being
ing on the manufacturer’s usage guidelines and on the slick encountered
conditions. Operators should be aware that some dispersant
4.2.1 Dispersant flow rate (DFR) shall be verified using the
products are less effective when applied diluted with seawater.
following equations:
Manufacturer’s recommended usage guidelines and indepen-
DFR 5 S 3W 3D 31.67 310 (1)
dent research on dispersant effectiveness testing shall be
where:
consulted when considering dilute application.
DFR = dispersant flow rate, L/min,
3.4 Operational Advantages:
S = speed of the delivery vehicle, km/h,
3.4.1 In operational terms, single-point spray systems may
W = swath width, m, and
offer the following advantages over vessel-based application
D = dosage, L/ha.
systems:
Or equivalently in U.S. units:
3.4.1.1 No specialized spray booms, spray boom
attachments, or supports are required, which makes the system
DFR 5 S 3W 3D 32.33 310 (2)
easy to install on vessels-of-opportunity.
where:
3.4.1.2 Less possibility of damage to the spray equipment in
DFR = dispersant flow rate, U.S. gal/min (USGPM),
rough sea conditions.
S = speed of the delivery vehicle, knots,
3.4.1.3 The spray swath can be considerably wider than
W = swath width, ft, and
conventional spray boom/multi-nozzle systems.
D = dosage, U.S. gal per acre (USGPA).
3.4.2 Single-point spray systems may offer the following
4.3 Droplet Size Distribution—The droplet size distribution
advantages over conventional boom and nozzle application
of the dispersant reaching the target shall have a Volume
systems:
Median Diameter (VMD) of between 300 to 800 µm. The
3.4.2.1 The single nozzles are easier to maintain than the
volume median diameter is a means of expressing droplet size
multiple small orifices used in spray boom systems.
in terms of the volume of liquid sprayed. The median volume
3.4.2.2 Higher application rates are possible which may
diameter droplet size, when measured in terms of volume, is a
allow one-pass spraying in thick oil conditions.
valuewhere50 %ofthetotalvolumeofliquidsprayedismade
3.4.2.3 The single-point spray nozzle can be used in a
up of droplets with diameters larger than the median value and
“manned” operation and dispersant spray can be directed t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F2465/F2465M − 05 (Reapproved 2011) F2465/F2465M − 05 (Reapproved
2016)
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point
Spray Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2465/F2465M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in October 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant
application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have been based
on or evolved from “fire-monitor” systems, and is not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/nozzle or aircraft
systems.
1.3 This guide is one of five related to dispersant application systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and
nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five guides
(listed in 2.1) is recommended.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1413 Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems
F1460 Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
F1737 Guide for Use of Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment During Spill Response: Boom and Nozzle Systems
F1738 Test Method for Determination of Deposition of Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
3. Equipment Description
3.1 General—“Single-point” oil spill dispersant spray systems include spray nozzles, some of which may be similar to those
used in firefighting, that generate a spray pattern directed out from a location on the side of the vessel without the need for an
outrigger boom or spray arm system to support the spray nozzle. The system includes a pumping or pressure system to deliver
dispersants to the nozzle(s) or device used to spray the dispersant out onto the oil slick, and associated piping and control valves.
All systems shall include flow meters and pressure gauges to monitor the dispersant discharge. All systems shall be equipped with
provision for cleaning and drainage. System components shall be designed to give a uniform droplet spray and volumetric coverage
as described in this guide.
NOTE 1—Nozzles used in firefighting applications are generally designed to direct a large quantity of water or firefighting foam, or both, to a small
area or fire hot spot. As such, many standard firefighting nozzles are not suitable for effective application of dispersant. Some firefighting nozzles have
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.13
on Treatment.
Current edition approved July 1, 2005Feb. 1, 2016. Published October 2011March 2016. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
ɛ1
F2465 – 05.F2465/F2465M – 05(2011) . DOI: 10.1520/F2465_F2465M-05R11E01.10.1520/F2465_F2465M-05R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2465/F2465M − 05 (2016)
variable spray pattern adjustment and flow control and these may be suitable for dispersant application. Some foam application nozzles have been
designed to generate uniform, volumetric fallout along the length of their spray pattern and these have potential for dispersant application. Nozzles
specifically designed for use in single-point dispersant application systems are also available.
3.2 Modes of Operation—Typical operational modes could include two nozzles, one mounted on the port deck rail and the other
on the starboard deck rail, both located towards the bow of the vessel. The nozzles are supplied dispersant from either a common
or separate pumps and are plumbed to permit independent operation and flow control. The nozzles spray dispersant out from the
side of the vessel perpendicular to the direction of the vessel’s movement and treat oil on each side of the vessel in the zone free
of the influence of the vessel’s bow wave as it moves through the slick. This type of operation is only effective in light winds.
3.2.1 In moderate to high wind conditions the vessel would travel in a cross-wind direction, and dispersant would be sprayed
downwind, only from the nozzle mounted on the downwind side of the vessel. If nozzles were mounted on both sides of the vessels
only the downwind of the two nozzles would be used at any given time. Use of the two nozzles would alternate when the vessel
reverses direction after completing a spray pass. Smaller single-point spray systems can utilize portable, “manned” nozzles to
permit the operator to direct the spray from the side of the vessel onto oil slicks either while the vessel is moving or stationary.
This allows the operator to target heavier patches of oil with dispersant as required.
3.3 Neat versus Dilute Application—Single-point spray systems may be used to apply dispersant neat or diluted, depending on
the manufacturer’s usage guidelines and on the slick conditions. Operators should be aware that some dispersant products are less
effective when applied diluted with seawater. Manufacturer’s recommended usage guidelines and independent research on
dispersant effectiveness testing shall be consulted when considering dilute application.
3.4 Operational Advantages:
3.4.1 In operational terms, single-point spray systems may offer the following advantages over vessel-based application
systems:
3.4.1.1 No specialized spray booms, spray boom attachments, or supports are required, which makes the system easy to install
on vessels-of-opportunity.
3.4.1.2 Less possibility of damage to the spray equipment in rough sea conditions.
3.4.1.3 The spray swath can be considerably wider than conventional spray boom/multi-nozzle systems.
3.4.2 Single-point spray systems may offer the following advantages over conventional boom and nozzle application systems:
3.4.2.1 The single nozzles are easier to maintain than the multiple small orifices used in spray boom systems.
3.4.2.2 Higher application rates are possible which may allow one-pass spraying in thick oil conditions.
3.4.2.3 The single-point spray nozzle can be used in a “manned” operation and dispersant spray can be directed to thick oil
patches in the vicinity of the vessel without the need to precisely position the spray vessel.
3.5 Operational Disadvantages—The single-point spray systems may have the following disadvantages as compared with
conventional boom/multiple nozzle vessel and aircraft application systems.
3.5.1 The spray pattern from single-nozzle systems may be more susceptible to wind influences than conventional
boom/multiple nozzle systems.
3.5.2 May be less able to apply a uniform dose rate of dispersant.
3.5.3 Application of low doses of dispersant for treatment of thin oil slicks is difficult unless the dispersant is diluted with
seawater.
3.5.4 The vessel platform has slow transit and application speeds when compared with aircraft application systems (a problem
common to all vessel-based application methods).
4. Minimum Equipment Performance Specifications
4.1 Target Dosage—Oil spill dispersant spray equipment shall provide a dispersant dosage of between 20 to 1000 L per hectare
[2 to 100 U.S. gal per acre]. It is not a requirement that a single system cover the entire range. Section 7.2 of this standard lists
the requirements for dosage and application data t
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.