ASTM D8210-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Automatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Automatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, power steering fluids, and hydraulic oils are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Low-temperature viscosity limits of these fluids are often specified to ensure their suitability for use and are cited in many specifications.
5.2 The manual test method, Test Method D2983, was developed to determine whether a gear oil or an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) would meet low-temperature performance criterion originally defined using a particular model viscometer.4 The viscosity range covered in the original ATF performance correlation studies was from less than 1000 mPa·s to more than 60 000 mPa·s. The success of these correlations and the development of this test method with gear oil and ATF performance has over time been applied to other fluids and lubricants such as hydraulic fluids, and etc.
5.3 Some formulated fluid types may form a structure, presumably due to the presence of wax, when soaked at or below a certain low temperature. The viscometer’s spindle rotation can degrade this structure during the viscosity measurement, which may result in a decrease in the apparent viscosity as the step time increases. This decrease in a fluid’s apparent viscosity is often referred to as shear thinning. A sample that exhibits a high initial apparent viscosity may impede the lubrication of certain machinery, such as automatic transmissions.4 However, it is not unusual to see a sample exhibit shear thinning behaviour when measuring high viscosity products such as gear oils, especially those formulated using solvent refined base stocks. It is recommended, that if this phenomenon is observed in ATF or similar low viscosity products, the suitability of the fluid for the application should be carefully considered. If desired, Test Method D5133 or D6821, may be used to study the behavior of these fluids.
5.4 The...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method automates the determination of low temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of driveline and hydraulic fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and other lubricants. It utilizes a thermoelectrically temperature-controlled sample chamber along with a programmable rotational viscometer. This test method covers a viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s measured at temperatures from –40 °C to –10 °C.
1.2 The precision data were determined at –40 °C and –26 °C for a viscosity range of 6380 mPa·s to 255 840 mPa·s.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except those noted below.
1.3.1 Exception—The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8210 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Automatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity of
Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and
1
Lubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method automates the determination of low
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations and
temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of driveline and hydrau-
Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products
lic fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils,
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers
hydraulic fluids, and other lubricants. It utilizes a thermoelec-
and Viscosity Oil Standards
trically temperature-controlled sample chamber along with a
D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Au-
programmable rotational viscometer.This test method covers a
tomaticTransmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubri-
viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s measured at
cants using a Rotational Viscometer
temperatures from –40 °C to –10 °C.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
1.2 The precision data were determined at –40 °C and Fuels, and Lubricants
–26 °C for a viscosity range of 6380 mPa·s to 255 840 mPa·s. D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate,
Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils
standard except those noted below.
and Base Stocks Between –10 °C and –35 °C Using
1.3.1 Exception—The test method uses the SI unit,
Cold-Cranking Simulator
milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP =
D6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
1 mPa·s).
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6821 Test Method for LowTemperatureViscosity of Drive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Line Lubricants in a Constant Shear Stress Viscometer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D8278 Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Test Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Lubricants
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- 3
2.2 ISO Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
testing and calibration laboratories
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ISO 17034 General requirement for the competence of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
reference material producers
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity ob-
tained by use of this test method. D4175
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8210 – 20. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D8210-22. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8210 − 22
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Inallcasestheterm“viscosity”implies abbreviated program reduces to 4 h the time the sample is held
that the value is the “apparent viscosity.” at test temperature
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8210 − 20 D8210 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Automatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity of
Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and
1
Lubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method automates the determination of low temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of driveline and hydraulic fluids,
such as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and other lubricants. It utilizes a thermoelectrically
temperature-controlled sample chamber along with a programmable rotational viscometer. This test method covers a viscosity
range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s measured at temperatures from –40 °C to –10 °C.
1.2 The precision data were determined at –40 °C and –26 °C for a viscosity range of 6380 mPa·s to 255 840 mPa·s.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except
those noted below.
1.3.1 Exception—The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations and Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using
a Rotational Viscometer
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D5133 Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a
Temperature-Scanning Technique
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020July 1, 2022. Published November 2020August 2022. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 20192020
as D8210 – 19b.D8210 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D8210-20.10.1520/D8210-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8210 − 22
D5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between –10 °C and –35 °C Using Cold-Cranking
Simulator
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
D6821 Test Method for Low Temperature Viscosity of Drive Line Lubricants in a Constant Shear Stress Viscometer
D8278 Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers for Test Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels and Lubricants
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 17034 General requirement for the competence of reference material producers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the determined viscosity obtained by use of this test method. D4175
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
In all cases the term “viscosity” implies that the value is the “apparent viscosity.”
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
Apparent
...
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