ASTM D5133-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Significance of Low-Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Engine Oil Rheology—The low-temperature, low-shear viscometric behavior of an engine oil determines whether the oil will flow to the sump inlet screen, then to the oil pump, then to the sites in the engine requiring lubrication in sufficient quantity to prevent engine damage immediately or ultimately after cold temperature starting.
5.1.1 Two forms of flow problems have been identified,4 flow-limited and air-binding behavior. The first form of flow restriction, flow-limited behavior, is associated with the oil's viscosity; the second, air-binding behavior, is associated with gelation.
5.2 Significance of the Test Method—The temperature-scanning technique employed by this test method was designed to determine the susceptibility of the engine oil to flow-limited and air-binding response to slow cooling conditions by providing continuous information on the rheological condition of the oil over the temperature range of use.4,5,7 In this way, both viscometric and gelation response are obtained in one test.
Note 1: This test method is one of three related to pumpability related problems. Measurement of low-temperature viscosity by the two other pumpability Test Methods D3829 and D4684, hold the sample in a quiescent state and generate the apparent viscosity of the sample at shear rates ranging up to 15 sec-1 and shear stresses up to 525 Pa at a previously selected temperature. Such difference in test parameters (shear rate, shear stress, sample motion, temperature scanning, and so forth) can lead to differences in the measured apparent viscosity among these test methods with some test oils, particularly when other rheological factors associated with gelation are present. In addition, the three methods differ considerably in cooling rates.
5.3 Gelation Index and Gelation Index Temperature—This test method has been further developed to yield parameters called the Gelation Index and Gelation Index temperature. T...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures.
1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s-1 is produced at shear stresses below 100 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 1 °C/h over the range −5 °C to −40 °C, or to the temperature at which the viscosity exceeds 40 000 mPa·s (cP).
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation Index), and the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D5133 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature
Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-
1
Scanning Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the appar-
D341Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations and
ent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures.
Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products
-1
1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2s is produced at
D3829Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping
shear stresses below 100Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured
Temperature of Engine Oil
continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 1°C⁄h over
D4684Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and
the range −5°C to −40°C, or to the temperature at which the
Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
viscosity exceeds 40000mPa·s (cP).
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation
Measurement System Performance
Index), and the temperature at which the Gelation Index
D7962Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion
occurs.
Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measure-
ment Drift
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine
E644Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
mometers
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—theviscosityobtainedbyuseof
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—See3.1.7fordefinitionofviscosityand
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
units.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.2 digital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic
device consisting of a digital display and associated tempera-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ture sensing probe.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This device consists of a temperature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument
measures the temperature-dependent quantity of the sensor,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and
provides a digital output. This digital output goes to a digital
display or recording device, or both, that may be internal or
external to the device.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5133–19. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5133-20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5133 − 20
3.1.2.2 Discussion—The devices are often referred to as 3.2.4.1 analog-to-digital (A-D) converter, n—a device for
“digitalthermometers,”howeverthetermincludesdevicesthat converting continuously produced electrical signals into dis-
sense temperature by means other than being in physical crete numerical values capable of being analyzed by computer
contact with the media. technology.
3.1.2.3 Discussion—PET is an acronym for portable elec- 3.2.5 critical pumpability temperature, n—the temperature
tronic thermometers, a subset of digital contact thermometers in the programmable cooling bath at which an oil reaches a
(DCT). chosen critic
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5133 − 19 D5133 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature
Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-
1
Scanning Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures.
-1
1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s is produced at shear stresses below 100 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured
continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 1 °C ⁄h over the range −5 °C to −40 °C, or to the temperature at which the viscosity
exceeds 40 000 mPa·s (cP).
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation Index),
and the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Equations and Charts for Liquid Petroleum or Hydrocarbon Products
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping Temperature of Engine Oil
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D7962 Practice for Determination of Minimum Immersion Depth and Assessment of Temperature Sensor Measurement Drift
E644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the viscosity obtained by use of this test method.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
See 3.1.7 for definition of viscosity and units.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019May 1, 2020. Published November 2019June 2020. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20152019 as
D5133 – 15.D5133 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D5133-19.10.1520/D5133-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5133 − 20
3.1.2 digital contact thermometer (DCT), n—an electronic device consisting of a digital display and associated temperature
sensing probe.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This device consists of a temperature sensor connected to a measuring instrument; this instrument measures the temperature-
dependent quantity of the sensor, computes the temperature from the measured quantity, and provides a digital output. This digital
output goes to a digital display or recording device, or both, that may be internal or external to the device.
3.1.2.2 Discussion—
The devices are often referred to as “digital thermometers,” however the term includes devices that sense temperature by means
other than being in physical contact with the media.
3.1.2.3 Discussion—
PET is an acronym for portable electronic thermometers,
...
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