ASTM D8004-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensing
Standard Test Method for Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for a reliable field determination of fuel dilution that is quick and preparation-free. Results are obtained in approximately 1 min. Such a method is used, for example, at remote railroad depots where it is impractical to carry out a standard laboratory method for determination of fuel dilution, such as described in Test Method D7593, but it is a critical need to determine if fuel has contaminated the lubricant. If fuel has contaminated the lubricant, this is significantly detrimental to the machinery and it is typically serviced immediately. Further, the fuel can ignite at the high temperatures encountered in machinery lubricant paths.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means for determining the amount of fuel dilution present in an in-service lubricant. This is achieved by drawing into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor vapor from the lubricant. Fuel vapor will be absorbed by the SAW sensor’s polymer coating. The amount of absorbance is then related to fuel content in the lubricant.
1.2 The range of fuel dilution capable of being measured by the test method is from 0.1 % to 10.0 % by mass fuel dilution.
1.3 This test method is specifically tailored to determining the fuel dilution of in-service lubricants, including newly utilized lubricants. The method is applicable to contamination with diesel, gasoline, and jet fuels.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8004 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface
1
Acoustic Wave Sensing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method describes a means for determining the
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
amount of fuel dilution present in an in-service lubricant. This
Fuels, and Lubricants
is achieved by drawing into a surface acoustic wave (SAW)
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement
sensor vapor from the lubricant. Fuel vapor will be absorbed by
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
the SAW sensor’s polymer coating. The amount of absorbance
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
is then related to fuel content in the lubricant.
D7235 Guide for Establishing a Linear Correlation Relation-
1.2 The range of fuel dilution capable of being measured by
ship Between Analyzer and Primary Test Method Results
the test method is from 0.1 % to 10.0 % by mass fuel dilution.
Using Relevant ASTM Standard Practices
1.3 This test method is specifically tailored to determining D7593 Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for
In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
the fuel dilution of in-service lubricants, including newly
utilized lubricants. The method is applicable to contamination D7669 Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend
Analysis
with diesel, gasoline, and jet fuels.
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
standard.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to Terminology D4175.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
See Section 9.
3.2.1 fuel dilution sample holder, n—a bottle that contains
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
the lubricant to be analyzed.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.2 fuel dilution sample inlet, n—a tube that connects the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sample to the SAW sensor.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.3 fuel dilution sample stand, n—mechanical device for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
holding the bottle of lubricant in the SAW fuel dilution
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
apparatus in a way such that the headspace from the bottle is
2. Referenced Documents
directly fed into the SAW element.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 fuel dilution seal, n—a mechanism that seals the fuel
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics dilution sample holder to the vapor path leading to the SAW
sensor.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.2.5 SAW fuel dilution apparatus, n—a device that mea-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
sures fuel dilution using surface acoustic wave (SAW) tech-
Subcommittee D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
nology. This is achieved by drawing vapor from the lubricant
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor. The fuel dilution
approved in 2015. Last previous addition approved in 2015 as D8004 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/D8004-23.
apparatus measures the concentration of contaminating fuel
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
vapor present in the air “headspace” over the lubricant. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
fuel dilution apparatus assumes that this headspace fuel vapor
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. concentration is directly proportional to the fuel present in the
*A Summary of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8004 − 15 D8004 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface
1
Acoustic Wave Sensing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes a means for determining the amount of fuel dilution present in an in-service lubricant. This is
achieved by drawing into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor vapor from the lubricant. Fuel vapor will be absorbed by the SAW
sensor’s polymer coating. The amount of absorbance is then related to fuel content in the lubricant.
1.2 The range of fuel dilution capable of being measured by the test method is from 0.1 % to 10.0 % by mass fuel dilution.
1.3 This test method is specifically tailored to determining the fuel dilution of in-service lubricants, including newly utilized
lubricants. The method is applicable to contamination with diesel, gasoline, and jet fuels.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
D7235 Guide for Establishing a Linear Correlation Relationship Between Analyzer and Primary Test Method Results Using
Relevant ASTM Standard Practices
D7593 Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D7669 Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend Analysis
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015May 1, 2023. Published October 2015May 2023. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous addition approved in 2015 as
D8004 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D8004-1510.1520/D8004-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8004 − 23
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment and Oil for
Fitness and Contamination
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 fuel dilution sample holder, n—a bottle that contains the lubricant to be analyzed. For example, this may be a standard
125 mL bottle (see Fig. 1, example configuration A) or a standard 30 mL laboratory vial (see Fig. 2, example configuration B).
3.2.2 fuel dilution sample inlet, n—a tube that connects the sample to the SAW sensor.
3.2.3 fuel dilution sample stand, n—mechanical device for holding the bottle of lubricant in the SAW fuel dilution apparatus in
a way such that the headspace from the bottle is directly fed into the SAW element.
3.2.4 fuel dilution seal, n—a m
...
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