Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.  
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been subdivided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1999
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ASTM E956-83(1999) - Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 956 – 83 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Classification for
Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Point-to-Plane Technique
E 276 Test Method for Particle Size or Screen Analysis at
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous
No. 4 (4.75-mm) Sieve and Finer for Metal Bearing Ores
metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from
and Related Materials
municipal waste destined for disposal.
E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-
Alloys
divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal
E 753 Specification for MunicipalAluminum Scrap (MAS)
content, size, and moisture content.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
information only.
3.1.1 loose combustible material (organic)—loose combus-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tible organics (LCO) that consist of, but are not limited to,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nonmetallic materials such as paper, rags, plastic, rubber,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wood,foodwastes,andyardorlawnwastes,etc.,whicharenot
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
permanently attached to noncombustible objects. The LCOs
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are defined as material larger than No. 12 Mesh (U.S. Standard
2. Referenced Documents Sieve)asstatedinSpecificationE11.AdeterminationofLCOs
is best done by sampling the material and handpicking,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
handcleaning, and visually identifying the materials described
D 2013 Method for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
previously.
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
3.1.2 mixed nonferrous metal content—mixed nonferrous
poses
metals remaining after removal of magnetics, combustibles,
E 34 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis ofAluminum and
and other nonmetals (for example, glass, rock, etc.). Further
Aluminum Base Alloys
methods of separation and identification may be agreed upon
E 35 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Magnesium
between purchaser and seller and can include picking or
and Magnesium Alloys
dense-media separation.
E 47 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Zinc Die-
3.1.3 moisture percent—liquid content, as determined by
Casting Alloys
weight loss when sample material is dried to a constant weight
E 54 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Special
at 110° 6 5°C.
Brasses and Bronzes
3.1.4 total combustibles—materials that include paints, lac-
E 101 Test Method for Spectrographic Analysis of Alumi-
quers, coatings, plastics, etc., associated with the original
num and Aluminum Alloys By the Point-to-Plane Tech-
nonferrous products, as well as combustible materials (paper,
nique
plastic, textile, etc.) which become associated with the nonfer-
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
rous product after it is manufactured.
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
E 227 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
4. Significance and Use
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys By the
4.1 Thisclassificationisintendedforuseinthemarketingof
mixed nonferrous metals.
This classification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste 4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 on
are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
Municipal Recovery and Reuse.
4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
Current edition approved July 29, 1983. Published December 1983.
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 956 – 83 (1999)
4.2.5 Copper refiners. fied, as obtained by the test method agreed upon between the
purchaser and seller, shall not exceed any of the limits for that
5. Basis of Classification (refer to Table 1)
grade.
5.1 This classification covers material, either processed to
7. Physical Requirements
recover aluminum or not processed to recover aluminum.
7.1 In addition to Table 1, the MNM physical requirements
5.2 ThisclassificationconsistsoffourtypesofMNM,based
include the following:
on nonferrous metal content. The four types of MNM are
7.1.1 Bulk Density—The density for MNM is not specified
further subdivided into three grades, based on size. The three
and shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
grades of MNM are further subdivided into two classes, based
7.1.2 Fineness—Acceptability of contained fines shall be
on moisture content.
determined by the purchaser and seller.
6. Ordering Information
7.1.3 Loose Combustibles—As agreed upon between pur-
6.1 Mixed nonferrous metals may be identified using the chaser and seller.
7.1.4 Magnetics—The presence of free magnetic material is
criteria in Table 1. This is an unusual material, and the table is
included for information purposes rather than to establish not specified and shall be as agreed upon between the pur-
limits. The unit operations used to recover MNM may aid the chaser and seller as part of the purchase contract.
purchaser and seller in establishing a classification. Some of
8. Sampling
the more common unit operations used to recover MNM
8.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the procedures
include the following:
described inAnnexA1 orAnnexA2. Either procedure may be
6.1.1 Wet Processing—water elutriators, dense media, and
used, as determined by agreement between the purchaser and
mineral jig.
the seller.
6.1.2 Dry Processing—air classifier, air knife, gravity or
8.1.1 Annex A1 covers sampling at the point of origin.
concentrating table, Humphrey Spiral, eddy-current separator,
8.1.2 Annex A2 covers sampling at the point of receipt.
electrostatic separator, and handpicking.
6.2 It is recognized that variations in the MNM may occur
9. Test Methods
due to the heterogeneous nature of the solid waste stream. The
9.1 Determine the properties of fineness, moisture, and
criteria indicated are intended as a means for the purchaser and
metal recovery in accordance with the procedures described in
the seller to establish the value and quality of the MNM.
Annex A3.
6.3 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be considered to be of a
particular classification if the value for each component speci-
10. Rejection and Rehearing
10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
TABLE 1 Classification of Municipal Mixed Nonferrous Metals
A this classification may be rejected. Rejection should be re-
(MNM)
ported to the seller promptly and in writing. In case of
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the seller may make
Classification Over 90 % 50 to 90 % 30 to 50 % Less Than
MNM MNM MNM 30 % MNM
claim for a rehearing.
Grades 1 2 3
over 6 in. (150 2to6in.(50to150 under 2 in. (50
11. Shipping
mm) mm) incl mm)
Class A B
11.1 Mixed nonferrous metals shall be shipped in rail cars,
high (5 % moisture low (under 5 %
trailers, or other containers as agreed upon between the
and over) moisture)
purchaser and the seller. The shipping equipment shall be
A
It is important for both purchaser and seller to note whether material had been
sufficiently water-tight to prevent the MNM from becoming
processed to recover aluminum or whether it had not been processed to recover
aluminum and what, if any, procedures where used. wet during shipment.
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. TEST METHOD FOR COLLECTION OF A SAMPLE OF MNM SCRAP RECOVERED FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND ITS PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS
E 956 – 83 (1999)
A1.1 Scope concerning possible variation is available. This information
should be gathered with practice. Due to the heterogeneity in
A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection
size and type of material comprising municipal solid waste, the
of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse,
choice of a large sample is desirable.
and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for
A1.4.2 Shredding is recommended for metals larger than 4
analysis.
to 6 in. (100 to 150 mm) for ease in sampling and handling.
A1.2 Summary of Test Method
A1.5 Taking A Gross Sample
A1.2.1 A selected size, gross sample of MNM scrap, is
A1.5.1 In order to obtain complete representation of mate-
taken from the metal recovery system conveyor in increments.
rials in a gross sample, it is desirable that the sample incre-
Sample increments are taken at timed intervals from a full
ments be withdrawn from the full cross-section of the stream.
cross section of the conveyor while it is stopped, or by briefly
The best possible increment is either a full cross section
taking the total flow at the discharge of the conveyor while it
removed from a stopped conveyor belt or the total flow at the
is moving.
discharge of the moving conveyor taken during a suitable
A1.2.2 Thequantityofgrosssamplemaybefurtherreduced
interval of time.
by mixing, cone-and-quarter sampling, and riffling.
A1.5.2 The choice of sample size can be estimated using
Practice E 122. It is imperative for a given degree of precision
A1.3 General Precautions
that not less than the minimum size
...

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