ASTM D5589-97

Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Algal Defacement

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for determining the relative resistance of a paint or coating film to algal growth.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-1997
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.28 - Biodeterioration

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5589-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Algal Defacement
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5589 – 97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related
Coatings to Algal Defacement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5589; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope a mixture of the proper algal species, (3) expose the inoculated
samples under the appropriate conditions for growth, and (4)
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for
provide a schedule and guidelines for visual growth ratings.
determining the relative resistance of a paint or coating film to
This test method is not designed to include all the necessary
algal growth.
procedures to maintain the proper microbiological techniques
NOTE 1—It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be
required to provide the most accurate results.
similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method
should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure since many
4. Significance and Use
other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect those results.
4.1 Defacement of paint and coating films by algal growth is
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
a common phenomenon under certain conditions. It is gener-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ally known that differences in the environment, lighting,
only.
temperature, substrate, and other factors in addition to the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
coating composition affect the susceptibility of a given painted
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surface. This test method attempts to provide a means to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
comparatively evaluate different coating formulations for their
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
relative performance under a given set of conditions. It does
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
not imply that a coating that resists growth under these
conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual applica-
2. Referenced Documents
tion (see Note 1).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required.
D 822 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related
This test method should not be used by persons without at least
Coatings and Materials Using Filtered Open-Flame
basic microbiological training.
Carbon-Arc Light and Water Exposure Apparatus
D 4141 Practice for Conducting Accelerated Outdoor Expo-
5. Apparatus and Materials
sure Tests of Coatings
5.1 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.10 g.
D 4587 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related
5.2 Incubator, or other device capable of maintaining a
Coatings and Materials Using a Fluorescent UV-
constant temperature between 25 6 2°C, relative humidity of
Condensation Light- and Water-Exposure Apparatus
$85 %, and having a constant fluorescent light source.
D 5031 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paints and Related
5.3 Refrigerator.
Coatings and Materials Using Enclosed Carbon-Arc Light
5.4 Petri Dishes, 100 by 15 mm (3.9 by 0.6 in.).
and Water Exposure Apparatus
5.5 Autoclave.
G 53 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
1 3
5.6 Paint Brush, coarse bristle, 12 to 19 mm ( ⁄2 to ⁄4 in.).
Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-
5.7 Test Substrate, filter paper, either regular paper or glass
sure of Nonmetallic Materials
fiber, 4.2 cm (1.65 in.) in diameter, or drawdown paper
(unlaquered chart paper) 21.6 by 28.0 cm (8.5 by 11 in.), cut
3. Summary of Test Method
into ten 21.6 by 2.8-cm (8.5 by 1.1-in.) strips may be used.
3.1 This test method outlines a procedure to (1) prepare a
5.8 Tissue Grinder.
suitable specimen for testing, (2) inoculate the specimen with
5.9 Atomizer or Chromatography Sprayer.
5.10 Sterile Glass Rods, Forceps, 250-mL Glass Erlenmeyer
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint Flask, and other routine microbiological equipment.
4 5
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
5.11 Allen’s Medium or Bold’s Basal Medium ingredients
Subcommittee D01.28 Biodeterioration.
(see 6.3).
Current edition approved July 10, 1997. Published September 1997. Originally
published as D 5589 – 94. Last previous edition D 5589 – 94.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Bold, H. C., Wynne, M. J., “Introduction to the Algae,” Prentiss-Hall,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978, pp. 574–5.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5589
5.12 Distilled Water.
Stock Solutions g/400 mL
1. NaNo 10.0
6. Reagents and Materials
2. MgSO ·7H O 3.0
4 2
3. NaCl 1.0
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
4. K HPO 3.0
2 4
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
5. KH PO 7.0
2 4
all reagents should conform to the specifications of the 6. CaCl ·2H O 1.0
2 2
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
Trace Element Solutions: g/L
Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades
may be used, provided they are first ascertained to be of
7. ZnSO ·7H O 8.82
4 2
MnCl ·4H O 1.44
2 2
sufficiently high purity to permit use without decreasing the
MoO 0.71
accuracy of the determination.
CuSO ·5H O 1.57
4 2
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references Co(NO ) ·6H O 0.49
3 2 2
Distilled Water to 1 L
to water are understood to mean distilled water or water of
Autoclave to dissolve.
equal or higher purity.
8. H BO 11.42
6.3 Allen’s Medium—Prepare liquid medium by dissolving
3 3
in 1000 mL of water the following reagents in the designated
9. EDTA–KOH solution:
amounts:
EDTA 50.0
KOH 31.0
Reagent Amount, g/1000 mL
NaNO 1.5
10. FeSO ·7H O 4.98
4 2
K HPO 0.039
2 4
H SO (concentrate) 1.0 mL
MgSO ·7H O 0.075 2 4
4 2
CaCl ·2H O 0.027
2 2
6.4.1 Combine 10 mL each of Stock Solutions 1 through 6
Na CO 0.020
2 3
with 1 mL each of Stock Solutions 7 through 10 in 936 mL
Na SiO ·9H O 0.058
2 3 2
Citric acid 0.006
distilled water. Autoclave at 121°C.
A
EDTA 0.006
6.5 A variety of algal cultures, including wild strains iso-
B
Allen’s trace element solution 1.0 mL
Distilled water to 1000 mL lated from paint films, may be used in this protocol. Choose
Ferric citrate (see Note 2) 0.006 (see Note 2)
strains from the following list, use field isolates or use other
strains found to grow satisfactorily under the protocol condi-
A
Ethlenediaminetetraacetate.
B tions. It is recommended to choose at least one culture from
Allen’s Trace-Element Solution:
Dissolve in 500 mL of distilled water:
each type. The choice of strains should be agreed upon between
Reagent Amount, g the parties involved in the testing.
H BO 2.86
3 3 A
Algae Collection/Strain
MnCl ·4H O 1.81
2 2
Unicellular Green
ZnSO ·7H O 0.222
4 2
Chlorella sp. ATCC 7516
Na MoO ·2H O 0.391
2 4 2
Chlorella vulgaris ATCC 11468
CuSO ·5H O 0.079
4 2
Co(NO ) ·6H O 0.0494
3 2 2
Filamentous Green
Ulothrix gigas ATCC 30443
NOTE 2—The ferric citrate must be autoclaved separately. The ferric
Trentepohlia aurea UTEX 429
citrate should be added after the medium has cooled from being
Trentepohlia odorata CCAP 483/4
autoclaved.
Colony-forming Green
6.3.1 Adjust the pH of the medium to 7.8 using 1.0 M
Scenedesmus quadricauda ATCC 11460
NaOH/1.0 M HCl and autoclave at 121°C (without ferric
Filamentous Bluegreen
Oscillatoria sp. ATCC 29135
citrate added) to 45 to 50°C before aseptically adding the ferric
Calothrix sp. ATCC 27914
citrate (see Note 2).
A
Available from the following culture collections and found suitable for this test:
6.3.2 Allen’s Agar—Prepare by dissolving 15 g of agar in
American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD
1000 mL Allen’s Medium before autoclaving. Cool to 45 to
20852; University of Texas (UTEX), Department of Botany, The University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, TX 78713-7640; Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa
50°C before aseptically adding the ferric citrate. After mixing,
(CCAP), Institute of Freshwater Ecology, The Windermere Laboratory, Far Sawrey,
pour the media into petri dishes.
Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 OLP, U.K. Grow purchased cultures in media and under
6.4 Bold’s Basal Medium—Prepare ten individual stock incubation conditions recommended by culture collection.
solutions in distilled water as indicated: 6.6 Cultures should be maintained separately in liquid
media recommended by the culture supplier. Allen’s Medium
(6.3) is commonly used for bluegreen and other algae. The
recipe for Bold’s Basal Medium, which supports the growth of
a wide range of algae is given in 6.4. If preferred, individual
Kirsop B. E., and Snell J. J. S., “Maintenance of Microorganisms,” Academic
cultures may be maintained on solid media prepared by
Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Orlando, FL, 1984, p. 158.
dissolving 1 to 1.5 % agar in liquid medium before autoclav-
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
ing.
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
6.6.1 Cultures should be actively growing prior to use. Use
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
a tissue grinder to homogenize filamentous algae before
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD. preparing inoculum. Adjust each culture to approximately one
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.
...