ASTM D2008-09

Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The absorbance of liquids and the absorptivity of liquid and solids at specified wavelengths in the ultraviolet are useful in characterizing petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to 400 nm of the spectrum.
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measurement.
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the determination of the absorbance of white mineral oil, the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-2009
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2008 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultra-
violet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers
2. Referenced Documents
the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to
400nm of the spectrum. D1193Specification for Reagent Water
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
1.2 Theuseofthistestmethodimpliesthattheconditionsof
E169PracticesforGeneralTechniquesofUltraviolet-Visible
measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path
Quantitative Analysis
length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
to one of the examples of the application of this test method in
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measure-
ment.
3. Terminology
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the
3.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption
determination of the absorbance of white mineral oil, the
spectroscopy in this test method shall conform toTerminology
absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of
E131. Terms of particular significance are the following:
USP petrolatum.
3.2 Definitions:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.1 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromag-
standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches,
netic waves.
indicated in parentheses, are for information only.
3.2.2 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
transported in a beam of radiant energy.
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
3.2.3 transmittance, T, n—the molecular property of a sub-
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
stance that determines its transportability of radiant power,
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
expressed by:
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
P
T 5 (1)
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website P
o
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
where:
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
P = the radiant power passing through the sample and
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
P = the radiant power incident upon the sample.
o
state law.
3.2.4 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
expressed by:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- A 5log ~1/T!52log T (2)
10 10
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.2.3.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
2
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2008–91(2006). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2008-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

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D2008 − 09
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Absorbance expresses the excess ab- nm.At the 0.4 absorbance level in the spectral region between
sorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is 220and400nm,absorbancemeasurementsshallberepeatable
implied that compensation has been affected for reflectance within 61.0%.
losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if
6.2 For recommended methods of testing spectrophotom-
present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compare
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
AnAmerican National Standard
Designation:D2008–91 (Reapproved 2006) Designation:D2008–09
Standard Test Method for
Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the
absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to 400nm of the
spectrum.
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length,
and sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes
or by a statement of other conditions of measurement.
1.3 Examplesoftheapplicationofthistestmethodarethedeterminationoftheabsorbanceofwhitemineraloil,theabsorptivity
of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated
in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated
in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions—Definitions3.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption spectroscopy in this test method shall
conform to Terminology E131. Terms of particular significance are the following:
3.1.1
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromagnetic waves.
3.1.2
3.2.2 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is transported in a beam of radiant energy.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0F
on Hydrocarbon Analysis. Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2006.April 15, 2009. Published June 2006.May 2009. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D2008–91 (2001).D2008–91(2006).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2008–09
3.1.33.2.3 transmittance, T, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its transportability of radiant power,
expressed by:
P
T 5 (1)
P
o
where:
P = the radiant power passing through the sample and
P = the radiant power incident upon the sample.
o
3.1.43.2.4 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ab
...