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ASTM F316-03(2019)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Pore Test

Standard Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Pore Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to:  
5.1.1 Determine the maximum pore size of a filter,  
5.1.2 Compare the maximum pore sizes of several filters, and  
5.1.3 Determine the effect of various processes such as filtration, coating, or autoclaving on the maximum pore size of a membrane.  
5.2 Membrane filters have discrete pores from one side to the other of the membrane, similar to capillary, tubes. The bubble point test is based on the principle that a wetting liquid is held in these capillary pores by capillary attraction and surface tension, and the minimum pressure required to force liquid from these pores is a function of pore diameter. The pressure at which a steady stream of bubbles appears in this test is the bubble point pressure. The bubble point test is significant not only for indicating maximum pore size, but may also indicate a damaged membrane, ineffective seals, or a system leak.  
5.3 The results of this test method should not be used as the sole factor to describe the limiting size for retention of particulate contaminants from fluids. The effective pore size calculated from this test method is based on the premise of capillary pores having circular cross sections, and does not refer to actual particle size retention. See Test Method E128 for additional information.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of two of the pore size properties of membrane filters with maximum pore sizes from 0.1 to 15.0 μm.  
1.2 Test Method A presents a test method for measuring the maximum limiting pore diameter of nonfibrous membranes. The limiting diameter is the diameter of a circle having the same area as the smallest section of a given pore (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Examples of Limiting Diameters  
1.3 Test Method B measures the relative abundance of a specified pore size in a membrane, defined in terms of the limiting diameter.  
1.4 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative data for bias statements as required by Practice D2777 is not provided. See the precision and bias section for details.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2019
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E128-99(2019) - Standard Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Permeability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM F2150-19 - Standard Guide for Characterization and Testing of Biomaterial Scaffolds Used in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3510-21 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber-Based Constructs for Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM F561-19 - Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM D7898-14(2020) - Standard Practice for Lubrication and Hydraulic Filter Debris Analysis (FDA) for Condition Monitoring of Machinery
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM F2450-18 - Standard Guide for Assessing Microstructure of Polymeric Scaffolds for Use in Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM D8194-18e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Suitability of 37 mm Filter Monitors and 47 mm Filters Used to Determine Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019
Referred By
ASTM F2902-16e1 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Absorbable Polymeric Implants
Effective Date
01-Nov-2019

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ASTM F316-03(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Pore TestASTM F316-03(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Pore Test
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ASTM F316-03(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters by Bubble Point and Mean Flow Pore Test
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F316 − 03 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters by Bubble
1
Point and Mean Flow Pore Test
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF316;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of two of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
the pore size properties of membrane filters with maximum
E128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Perme-
pore sizes from 0.1 to 15.0 µm.
ability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
1.2 Test MethodApresents a test method for measuring the
maximum limiting pore diameter of nonfibrous membranes.
3. Terminology
The limiting diameter is the diameter of a circle having the
3.1 Definitions:
same area as the smallest section of a given pore (Fig. 1).
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.3 Test Method B measures the relative abundance of a
Terminology D1129.
specified pore size in a membrane, defined in terms of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
limiting diameter.
3.2.1 limiting pore diameter, n—diameter of a circle having
1.4 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative
the same area as the smallest section of a given pore.
data for bias statements as required by Practice D2777 is not
3.2.2 pore size, n—capillary equivalent pore diameter.
provided. See the precision and bias section for details.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
TEST METHOD A—MAXIMUM PORE SIZE
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The bubble point test for maximum pore size is per-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
formed by prewetting the filter, increasing the pressure of gas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
upstream of the filter at a predetermined rate and watching for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
gas bubbles downstream to indicate the passage of gas through
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the maximum diameter filter pores.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 The pressure required to blow the first continuous
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
bubbles detectable by their rise through a layer of liquid
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
covering the filter is called the “bubble point,” and is used to
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
calculate maximum pore size.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2 5.1 This test method may be used to:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.1 Determine the maximum pore size of a filter,
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5.1.2 Compare the maximum pore sizes of several filters,
and
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
5.1.3 Determine the effect of various processes such as
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and
Ion Exchange Materials.
filtration, coating, or autoclaving on the maximum pore size of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
a membrane.
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F316 – 03 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/F0316-03R19.
5.2 Membrane filters have discrete pores from one side to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the other of the membrane, similar to capillary, tubes. The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bubble point test is based on the principle that a wetting liquid
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. is held in these capillary pores by capillary attraction and
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F316 − 03 (2019)
6.3 Pressure Gauges (and mercury manometer if required),
covering the range of pressures needed for the pore sizes under
investigation (see Table 1).
6.4 Metal Punch, used to cut a su
...

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5.1 With the increased use of geomembranes as a barrier material to restrict liquid migration from one location to another, a need has been created for standardized tests by which the continuity of the installed geomembrane, including the seams, can be evaluated. This practice is intended to meet such a need whenever the subgrade soil is nonconductive, or a geomembrane is installed on a nonconductive material.  
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1.1 This standard practice describes standard procedures for using a conductive geotextile with electrical methods to locate leaks in exposed geomembranes and geomembranes covered with water or earth materials containing moisture.  
1.2 This standard practice provides guidance for the use of appropriate conductive geotextile used in leak location surveys on geomembranes. This guide includes all types of conductive geotextiles with sufficient conductivity for the particular electrical leak location method. A conductive geotextile is applicable to all types of geoelectric surveys when there is otherwise not a conductive layer under the geomembrane.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pore size characteristics of geotextiles using an optical method and image analysis.  
1.2 This method has been developed for determination of the Image Opening Size (IOS) of knitted geotextiles by image analysis. Other properties may be obtained based on the pore size distribution.  
1.3 The applicability of this test method must be assessed on a product-by-product basis, as it requires light to pass through its thickness to provide a useful observation. As a general rule, the tested product must be thin. Example of products which cannot be tested using this test method is thick needle-punched nonwoven and woven with a complex three-dimensional structure.  
1.4 This test method shows values in both SI units and inch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values in inch-pound units are provided for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7737/D7737M-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Individual Geogrid Junction Strength

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This index test method is to be used to determine the strength of an individual junction in a geogrid product. The test is performed in isolation, while in service the junction is typically confined. Thus the results from this test method are not anticipated to be related to design performance.  
5.2 The value of junction strength can be used for manufacturing quality control, development of new products, or a general understanding of the in-isolation behavior of a particular geogrid’s junction (for example, in relation to handling during shipment and placement of the geogrid).  
5.3 This test method is applicable to geogrid products with essentially symmetrical orthogonal or non-orthogonal ribs, yarns, or straps, that is, geogrids which are composed of ribs, yarns, or straps that are entangled through weaving or knitting, welded, bonded, or formed through drawing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an index test which provides a procedure for determining the strength of an individual geogrid junction, also called a node. The test is configured such that a single rib is pulled from its junction with a rib(s) transverse to the test direction to obtain the maximum force, or strength of the junction. The procedure allows for the use of two different clamps with the appropriate clamp selected to minimize the influence of the clamping mechanism on the specific type of geogrid to be tested.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off