ASTM D4594/D4594M-96(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
Standard Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for evaluating the relative effects of temperature on geotextiles manufactured from different polymers, by a different manufacturing process, or both.
5.2 During shipping and storage, the geotextile may be exposed to abnormal temperatures. The fabric could be tested at these temperatures to determine the detrimental effects of these conditions on the strength properties.
5.3 This test method may also be used to evaluate the cyclic effects of temperature (freeze-thaw); that is, samples can be conditioned to below normal temperatures (below freezing) and then to above normal temperatures (elevated temperatures) for a given number of cycles. Strength characteristics can be determined after these cyclic exposures.
5.4 Most nonwoven, woven, and composite fabric can be tested by this method. Modification of the techniques is likely to be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of 179 kg/cm [1000 lb/in.] width. This test method is not recommended for knitted fabrics.
5.5 This test method is an index test method and is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since information on between-laboratory precision has not been established. In some cases the purchaser and seller may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more geotextiles by the best available method, even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. A comparative test performed as directed in 5.5.1 may be advisable.
5.5.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4594/D4594M for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possibl...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the effects of climatic temperature on the tensile strength and elongation properties of geotextiles.
1.2 The effect of temperature on the stability of geotextiles is reported as the change in tensile strength and elongation between tests performed as directed in Test Method D5035, in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, and tests performed under conditions at which the geotextile is expected to perform in the field.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1 – 7.1.3.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4594/D4594M − 96 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4594/D4594M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1682Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining
Textile Fabric (Withdrawn 1992)
the effects of climatic temperature on the tensile strength and
D4354Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
elongation properties of geotextiles.
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
1.2 The effect of temperature on the stability of geotextiles
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
is reported as the change in tensile strength and elongation
D5035Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
between tests performed as directed in Test Method D5035,in
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, and tests per-
formed under conditions at which the geotextile is expected to
3. Terminology
perform in the field.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
at relative humidity of 50 to 70% and at a temperature of 21
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1.2 temperature stability, n—for a geotextile, the percent
used independently of the other, and values from the two
change in tensile strength or in percent elongation as measured
systems shall not be combined.
at a specified temperature and compared to values obtained at
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the standard conditions for testing geotextiles.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
refer to Terminology D123 and Terminology D4439.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
See 7.1.1 – 7.1.3.
4.1 Specimens of a geotextile are conditioned at selected
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
temperaturesinanenvironmentalchamberattachedtoatensile
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
testing machine. While maintaining these temperatures,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
50.8mm [2 in.] cut or ravel strip tensile tests are performed as
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
directed in Test Method D5035. The same tests are conducted
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ascontrolunderthestandardlaboratorytestconditions.Tensile
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
strength and percent elongation properties obtained at various
test temperatures are recorded. Changes in strength character-
2. Referenced Documents
istics due to the effects of temperature are determined.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The temperatures used for conditioning and testing the
D76/D76MSpecification for Tensile Testing Machines for
geotextiles are the temperatures at which the geotextile will
Textiles
perform or are typically exposed to in the field.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on 5. Significance and Use
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
5.1 This test method is used for evaluating the relative
ance Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally effects of temperature on geotextiles manufactured from dif-
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4594/D4594M–96
ferent polymers, by a different manufacturing process, or both.
ɛ1
(2015) . DOI: 10.1520/D4594_D4594M-96R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4594/D4594M − 96 (2020)
5.2 During shipping and storage, the geotextile may be 7. Materials
exposed to abnormal temperatures. The fabric could be tested
7.1 Liquid Nitrogen, commercial grade or any other dry
at these temperatures to determine the detrimental effects of
medium capable of producing temperatures below 0 °C
these conditions on the strength properties.
[32°F].
5.3 Thistestmethodmayalsobeusedtoevaluatethecyclic 7.1.1 (Warning—Sinceliquidnitrogenisacryogenicliquid
effects of temperature (freeze-thaw); that is, samples can be which produces extremely low temperatures when vented to
conditioned to below normal temperatures (below freezing) the atmosphere, keep hands clear of open valves and tubings,
andthentoabovenormaltemperatures(elevatedtemperatures) etc. During testing, use insulated leather gloves to handle
for a given number of cycles. Strength characteristics can be samples and to open and close the environmental chamber
determined after these cyclic exposures. door. The laboratory should be well ventilated.)
7.1.2 Other gases which can be used are helium−167°C
5.4 Most nonwoven, woven, and composite fabric can be
[−269 °F], oxygen −119 °C [−183 °F], argon −121 °C
tested by this method. Modification of the techniques is likely
[−186°F], and carbon dioxide−62°C [−79°F]. Temperature
to be necessary for any fabric having a strength in excess of
values listed are the minimum temperatures these gases can
179 kg/cm [1000 lb/in.] width. This test method is not
attain.
recommended for knitted fabrics.
7.1.3 The use of liquid nitrogen is suggested for the test.
5.5 This test method is an index test method and is not
Nitrogen is less hazardous, more economical than other gases,
recommendedforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments,
and also capable of attaining a minimum temperature
since information on between-laboratory precision has not
of−127°C [−196°F]. Oxygen, being a strong oxidizer, should
been established. In some cases the purchaser and seller may
be avoided if possible; otherwise, use cautiously in a well-
have to test a commercial shipment of one or more geotextiles
ventilated area away from open flame.
by the best available method, even though the method has not
been recommended for acceptance testing of commercial
8. Sampling
shipments. A comparative test performed as directed in 5.5.1
8.1 Division into Lots and Lot Sample—Unless otherwise
may be advisable.
agreed upon as in an applicable material specification, divide
5.5.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
the material into lots and take a lot sample as directed in
reported test results when using Test Method D4594/D4594M
Pract
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.