iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM A437/A437M-15(2021)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service

Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specifications covers alloy-steel bolting material specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade B4B, Grade B4C, and Grade B4D. Steels of Grades B4B and B4C shall undergo heating, liquid quenching, reheating, tempering, and air or furnace cooling, respectively. Steels of Grade B4D shall undergo heating, oil quenching, reheating or tempering, and air of furnace cooling, respectively. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, aluminum, titanium, and tin. The steels shall undergo tensile, impact, and hardness tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, impact value, Brinell hardness number, and Rockwell hardness number. All bars or forged blanks of starting material shall be subjected to nondestructive inspection using any of the following methods: Eddy current, Magnetic particle inspection (wet or dry), Liquid penetrant inspection, Ultrasonic testing, or Visual testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers stainless and alloy-steel bolting material and bolting components specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. This material requires special processing and should not be used in general-purpose applications. Bolting furnished as bars shall be hot wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.  
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting materials and components covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment, which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat treatment, and room-temperature properties of the bolting material.  
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D.  
1.4 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2021
ICS
21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Buy Standard

ASTM A437/A437M-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature ServiceASTM A437/A437M-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
PreviousNext
Technical specification
ASTM A437/A437M-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A437/A437M −15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially
1
Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA437/A437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
2 shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
1.1 This specification covers stainless and alloy-steel bolt-
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
ing material and bolting components specially heat treated for
standard.
high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine,
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
and similar uses. See Specification A962/A962M for the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
definition of bolting. This material requires special processing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and should not be used in general-purpose applications. Bolt-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ing furnished as bars shall be hot wrought and may be further
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting materials
and components covered by this specification are dependent
2. Referenced Documents
upon special heat treatment, which is required. Although the
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for
by control of the chemistry, heat treatment, and room-
Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-
temperature properties of the bolting material.
genic to the Creep Range
1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch
Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D.
Tension Tests of Materials
1.4 The following referenced general requirements are in-
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
dispensable for application of this specification: Specification
3. Ordering Information
A962/A962M.
3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the
all requirements necessary for product under this specification.
option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall
Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited
apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the
to, the following:
purchase order or contract.
3.1.1 Specification designation, grade, issue date, and revi-
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
sion letter,
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),
3.1.3 Description (bars, bolts, nuts, etc.),
the inch-pound units shall apply.
3.1.4 Dimensions,
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.5 Finish, and
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.6 Impact testing of nuts, if required (see Section 8).
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
4. Common Requirements
4.1 Bolting materials and bolting components supplied to
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
fication A962/A962M. These requirements include test
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
3
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A437/A437M – 15. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/A0437_A0437M-15R21. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-437 in Section II of that code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM A962/A962M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, and stainless steel fasteners or fastener materials, or both. These materials are intended for use at any temperature from cryogenic to the creep range. Requirements for the melting process and quality control procedures for ingot cast and strand cast products are detailed. Bars and fasteners shall be produced in accordance with the product specification. The chemical composition, as to heat and product analyses, shall conform to the limits of the product specification. Bars, fasteners, bolting materials, and specimen machined from fasteners shall meet the mechanical requirements which shall be determined by the following tests: (1) proof load test by mandrel/tension or compression methods, (2) cone proof load test, (3) impact test, and (4) hardness test. Assembly for the proof load and cone proof tests are illustrated. The depth of decarburization shall be determined by metallographic etching and if needed, microhardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
Title of Specifications  
ASTM Designation  
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and
Other Special Purpose Applications  
A193/A193M  
Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts
for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
Service, or Both  
A194/A194M  
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-
Temperature Service  
A320/A320M  
Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service  
A437/A437M  
High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels  
A453/A453M  
Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications  
A540/A540M  
Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718)
for High Temperature Service  
A1014/A1014M  
High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex
Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose
Applications  
A1082/A1082M  
1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
1.3 Fasteners are a wide-ranging classification that includes screws, bolts, nuts, washers, stud bolts, rivets, powder-actuated studs, staples, tacks, and pins. Bolting, which is composed of bolting materials, such as rods, bars, flats, and forgings, which are subsequently manufactured into bolting components, are a special sub-group of fasteners. Bolting materials and components have designated compositions and specific properties intended for applications in aggressive service where commercial generic fasteners may not be suitable or have insufficient fitness for purpose under certain conditions. These conditions include cryogenic or high temperature service, or excessive vibration, impact, or shock. To further address any other special service conditions where bolting is intended for use, additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; there...

  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A193/A193M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits the high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range. The chemical composition requirements for each alloy are presented in details. The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. The tensile property and hardness property requirements are discussed, the tensile property requirement is highlighted by a full size fasteners, wedge tensile testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.
Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354.
Note 3: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A320/A320M-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. Each alloy shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements. The material, as represented by the tension specimens, shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. The material shall meet the prescribed impact energy absorption requirements and the recommended test temperature. Mechanical tests shall be conducted on the material, namely: impact testing, tension testing, and hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The bars shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150 °F [−101 °C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.  
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable.    
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 10 and the nut material shall be impact tested.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI) units, the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A540/A540M-15(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications. This specification covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials which may be used for nuclear and other special applications. Bolting materials as used in this specification cover rolled or forged bars, rotary pierced or extruded seamless tubes, bored bars, or forged hollows from forged or rolled bar segments to be manufactured into bolts, studs, washers, and nuts. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium. Material which is ordered in the liquid-quenched and tempered condition shall be uniformly reheated from a temperature below the cooling transformation range to the proper austenitizing temperature. It shall be quenched in a liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions and then uniformly reheated for tempering. Tensile test, hardness, and impact test shall be measured to conform to the required mechanical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials and bolting components that may be used for nuclear and other special applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting.  
1.2 The following referenced common requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. These supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A962/A962M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, and stainless steel fasteners or fastener materials, or both. These materials are intended for use at any temperature from cryogenic to the creep range. Requirements for the melting process and quality control procedures for ingot cast and strand cast products are detailed. Bars and fasteners shall be produced in accordance with the product specification. The chemical composition, as to heat and product analyses, shall conform to the limits of the product specification. Bars, fasteners, bolting materials, and specimen machined from fasteners shall meet the mechanical requirements which shall be determined by the following tests: (1) proof load test by mandrel/tension or compression methods, (2) cone proof load test, (3) impact test, and (4) hardness test. Assembly for the proof load and cone proof tests are illustrated. The depth of decarburization shall be determined by metallographic etching and if needed, microhardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof):
Title of Specifications  
ASTM Designation  
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and
Other Special Purpose Applications  
A193/A193M  
Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts
for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
Service, or Both  
A194/A194M  
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-
Temperature Service  
A320/A320M  
Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting
Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature
Service  
A437/A437M  
High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion
Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless
Steels  
A453/A453M  
Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications  
A540/A540M  
Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718)
for High Temperature Service  
A1014/A1014M  
High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex
Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose
Applications  
A1082/A1082M  
1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
1.3 Fasteners are a wide-ranging classification that includes screws, bolts, nuts, washers, stud bolts, rivets, powder-actuated studs, staples, tacks, and pins. Bolting, which is composed of bolting materials, such as rods, bars, flats, and forgings, which are subsequently manufactured into bolting components, are a special sub-group of fasteners. Bolting materials and components have designated compositions and specific properties intended for applications in aggressive service where commercial generic fasteners may not be suitable or have insufficient fitness for purpose under certain conditions. These conditions include cryogenic or high temperature service, or excessive vibration, impact, or shock. To further address any other special service conditions where bolting is intended for use, additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier.  
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; there...

  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5649-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Torque Strength of Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides reasonably accurate information with regard to the determination of the securing or locking effect of adhesives used in threaded fasteners. This test method may also be used to determine the degree of cure and the effect of environment on torque strength.  
5.2 The accuracy of the test results depends to a large degree on the thread clearance of the test fasteners and the inclusion of air bubbles in the bond line. Data generated by this test method should be safety-factored accordingly if used as quality assurance acceptance or rejection.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to make comparative assessments of the securing or locking effect of adhesives used in threaded assemblies.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8509/D8509M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Test Method Selection and Test Specimen Design for Bolted Joint Related Properties

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the test method selection and associated test specimen design to produce test data to be used for typical bolted joint analyses. These test methods are limited to use with multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. This standard is intended to be used by persons requesting these test types.  
1.2 Test requestors designing these specimens need to be familiar with the referenced Test Method and Practice standards, CMH-17 Volume 3 Chapter 11, and the stress analysis methods that will use the resulting design data.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    16 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A193/A193M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suits the high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immediately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transformation range. The chemical composition requirements for each alloy are presented in details. The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element. The tensile property and hardness property requirements are discussed, the tensile property requirement is highlighted by a full size fasteners, wedge tensile testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.  
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.
Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354.
Note 3: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1789-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.  
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.  
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    15 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    15 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM A320/A320M-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. Each alloy shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements. The material, as represented by the tension specimens, shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. The material shall meet the prescribed impact energy absorption requirements and the recommended test temperature. Mechanical tests shall be conducted on the material, namely: impact testing, tension testing, and hardness testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The bars shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.  
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150 °F [−101 °C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.  
Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable.    
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M.  
1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 10 and the nut material shall be impact tested.  
1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI) units, the inch-pound units shall apply.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off