ASTM D1014-95

Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Steel

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the relative service of exterior paints and other materials of similar purpose when applied on steel surfaces exposed out-of-doors.  
1.2 Experience indicates that the steel used as a test surface has a marked bearing upon the weathering results. It is the purpose of this test method to minimize the influence of variation in steel surfaces on any series of tests by providing for uniformity in the selection of the steel surface, particularly in cooperative work. This practice also outlines uniform procedures for conducting the exposure tests and for evaluating and recording results.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1994
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.27 - Accelerated Testing

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D1014-02 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM G90-23 - Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D6675-23 - Standard Practice for Salt-Accelerated Outdoor Cosmetic Corrosion Testing of Organic Coatings on Automotive Sheet Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1014 – 95
Standard Practice for
Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
Exterior Paints
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the relative
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
service of exterior paints and other materials of similar purpose
Exterior Paints
when applied on steel surfaces exposed out-of-doors.
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
1.2 Experience indicates that the steel used as a test surface
Paints
has a marked bearing upon the weathering results. It is the
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
purpose of this test method to minimize the influence of
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
variation in steel surfaces on any series of tests by providing
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
for uniformity in the selection of the steel surface, particularly
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
in cooperative work. This practice also outlines uniform
a Ferrous Base
procedures for conducting the exposure tests and for evaluating
D 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
and recording results.
ness of Organic Coatings
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 2200 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Steel Surfaces
information only.
D 4141 Practice for Conducting Accelerated Outdoor Expo-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sure Tests of Coatings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G 7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 The procedures described in this test method are in-
tended to aid in evaluating performance of coatings on either
2.1 ASTM Standards:
new or previously rusted steel.
A 36 Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
3.2 Since the natural environment varies with respect to
A 283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Ten-
2 season and geographic location, test results may not correlate
sile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
with in-service performance.
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
4. Base Materials for Test Specimens
Related Coating Products
4.1 A minimum of two and preferably four test specimens
D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on
4 shall be used to evaluate the performance of any paint system.
Painted Steel Surfaces
4.2 The surface preparation for the test panels should be that
D 659 Methods of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exte-
5 expected to be done in the field or in-service. The surface
rior Paints
preparation shall be the same for all test panels in the test
program unless surface preparation is one of the variables to be
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and evaluated. Surface preparation must be essentially identical for
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
all test panels, as the thoroughness of preparation may directly
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
determine the performance life of the applied coating system.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally
e1
published as D 1014 – 49 T. Last previous edition D 1014 – 83 (1988) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
5 6
Discontinued; see 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D1014–95
4.3 The test panels should be fabricated from the same Automatic Dip Coater
material over which the coating is expected to perform Manual Spray Application
in-service. Any of the following surfaces may be used: Motor Driven Blade Applicator
4.3.1 Abrasive Blasted Steel Plate—The steel plate shall Brush Application
conform to Specification A 36 or Specification A 283/A 283M. Roller Coating
The minimum thickness shall be ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm). The Curtain Coating
minimum size shall be 4 by 6 in. (100 by 150 mm). Burrs and
NOTE 2—Details for the application of paint are given in Practices
sharp projections shall be removed from the edges by filing.
D 823.
The test panels shall be freed of oil by suitable grease-
5.3 Measure and record the film thickness of each coat in
removing solvents in accordance with Procedures B, C, or D of
accordance with the methods recommended in Test Methods
Practice D 609. The surface shall be blasted to meet the
D 1186. If the test panel is covered by rust and mill scale, these
requirements of Standard D 2200, Sa 2 ⁄2, if another degree of
methods will be less accurate, as they are influenced by the
surface preparation has not been agreed upon.
surface characteristics of this base metal. In such cases,
4.3.2 Rusted Surfaces—Hot rolled steel angle or plate, or
approximations can be made by wet film thickness measure-
both, are useful for determining the performance of paints
ments in accordance with Test Methods D 1212, or the amount
applied to structures that cannot be thoroughly cleaned of rust
of paint applied to a known area can be weighed and the
and corrosion products. The steel angle and plate shall conform
average dry film thickness computed. It should be noted that
to Specification A 283/A 283M. The steel angles shall be at
even though dry film thickness measurements in accordance
least 4 by 4 by ⁄8 in. (100 by 100 by 3.2 mm) in cross section
with Test Methods D 1186 are less accurate on surfaces with
and 12 in. (300 mm) in length. The minimum size of the steel
rust and mill scale than on smooth steel surfaces, they are still
plate shall be 4 by 6 in. (100 by 150 mm) with a minimum
more accurate than those obtained by Test Methods D 1212 or
thickness of ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm). Burrs and sharp projections shall
weighing.
be re
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