ASTM D5067-16(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Artists' Watercolor Paints
Standard Specification for Artists' Watercolor Paints
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints. Lightfastness determination, exposure tests, and mean color difference calculation shall be conducted to meet the specified requirements.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' watercolor paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5067 −16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Artists’ Watercolor Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for 3.1 Definitions:
composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of 3.1.1 Colour Index Name, n—consists of the category (type
artists’ watercolor paints. ofdyeorpigment),generalhue,andanassignednumbergiven
to a colorant in the Colour Index as an international identifi-
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-
cation system.
tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Name
lightfastness, and consistency.
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness
15).
requirements in this specification. In order to identify other
3.1.2 Colour Index Number, n—afive-digitnumbergivenin
pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given
the Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of a
for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining
colorant.
relative lightfastness are referenced.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Forexample,theColourIndexNumber
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in
only.
Terminology E284.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 watercolor paint, n—a pigment dispersion in a water
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
soluble gum/resin vehicle that dries water soluble and is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
intended primarily for transparent applications.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
2. Referenced Documents
provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
distributors, and users.
D185Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-
D1210Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,
D4236Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
maycausesomeartiststopreferonebrandoveranother,either
Health Hazards
of which may be acceptable under this specification.
D4303Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used in
Artists’Materials
5. Labeling Requirements
E284Terminology of Appearance
5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:
5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment contained
in the paint (1) the information underlined in Table 1 (which
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint
includes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and any
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials. additionaltermsnecessarytoidentifytheformofthepigment),
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
and (2) the appropriate Lightfastness Category.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5067–16. DOI:
10.1520/D5067-16R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Colour Index, 3rd ed.,The Society of Dyers and Colourists, London, 1971–75,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on five vols and revisions. Available from the American Association of Textile
the ASTM website. Chemists and Colorists, PO Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5067−16 (2021)
TABLE 1 Suitable Pigments List
NOTE 1—Underlined information and the lightfastness category in the table shall be included on every label.
Key:
Lightfastness Category:
Lightfastness I Excellent Lightfastness
Lightfastness II Very Good Lightfastness
Abbreviations Used for Colour Index Names:
BR Basic Red
NR Natural Red
PB Pigment Blue
PBk Pigment Black
PBr Pigment Brown
PG Pigment Green
PO Pigment Orange
PR Pigment Red
PV Pigment Violet
PW Pigment White
PY Pigment Yellow
Pigment Notations:
(CC) Concentrated cadmium pigments may contain up to 15 % barium sulfate for color control. Cadmium-barium pigments contain a much higher
amount of barium sulfate.
(NA) Colour Index name or number not assigned.
(SM) Sensitive to moisture in direct sunlight.
Lightfastness Category
Colour Index
Colour Index Name Common Name and Chemical Class
Number
Watercolors
YELLOWS
PY 3 II Arylide Yellow 10G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, arylide yellow 11710
PY 31 I Barium Chromate Lemon, barium chromate 77103
PY 34 I Chrome Yellow Lemon, lead chromate and lead sulfate 77600
PY 35 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (CC) (SM) 77205
PY 35:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium zinc sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM) 77205:1
PY 37 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfide (CC) (SM) 77199
PY 37:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM) 77199:1
PY 40 II Aureolin, with option of adding the name Cobalt Yellow, potassium cobaltinitrite 77357
PY 42 I Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, with option of adding the name Yellow Iron Oxide, synthetic hy- 77492
drated iron oxide
PY 42 I Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Yellow, synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 43 I Yellow Ochre, natural hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 53 I Nickel Titanate Yellow, oxides of nickel antimony and titanium, or nickel titanate 77788
PY 65 II Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow (hue designation), arylide 11740
A
PY 97 II Arylide Yellow FGL, arylide yellow 11767
PY 109 II Isoindoline Yellow G, tetrachloroisoindoline 56284
PY 110 I Isoindoline Yellow R, tetrachloroisoindoline 56280
PY 117 I Azomethine Yellow, copper organic complex 48043
PY 138 II Quinophthalone Yellow, quinophthalone 56300
PY 150 I Nickel Azo Yellow, nickel azo complex 12764
PY 153 II Nickel Dioxine Yellow, dioxine nickel complex 48545
PY 154 I Benzimidazolone Yellow H3G, benzimidazolone 11781
PBr 24 I Chrome Titanate Yellow, oxides of chromium, antimony and titanium, or chrome titanate 77310
ORANGES
PO 20 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (CC) 77202
PO 20:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfo-selenide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77202:1
PO 36 I Benzimidazolone Orange HL, benzimidazolone 11780
PO 48 II Quinacridone Gold, or Quinacridone Orange, quinacridone 73900
PO 62 II Benzimidazolone Orange H5G, monoacetolone 11775
REDS
PR 101 I Indian Red, synthetic red iron oxide (bluish hue) 77491
PR 101 I Light or English Red Oxide, synthetic red iron oxide (yellowish hue)
PR 101 I Mars Red or Iron Oxide Yellow, with option of adding the name Red Iron Oxide, synthetic red iron 77491
oxide
PR 101 I Mars Violet or Iron Oxide Yellow, with option of adding the name Violet Iron Oxide, synthetic iron 77015
oxide (violet hue)
PR 101 I Venetian Red, synthetic iron oxide (yellowish hue) 77491
PR 104 I Chrome Orange, lead chromate and lead molybdate 77605
PR 108 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium-seleno sulfide (CC) 77202
PR 108:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium seleno-sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77202:1
PR 170 II Naphthol Red F3RK, napthol carbamide 12475
PR 179 I Perylene (hue designation), perylene 71130
PR 188 II Naphthol (hue designation) AS, naphtol AS 12467
PR 209 II Quinacridone (hue designation), gamma quinacridone 73905
PR 216 I Pyranthrone Red, halogenated pyranthrone 59710
PR 255 I Pyrrol Red, diketo-pyrollo-pyrrol NA
PURPLES
PV 14 I Cobalt Violet, cobalt phosphate, cobalt ammonium phosphate 77360
PV 15 I Ultramarine Red, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur or sodium alumino-sulpho- 77007
silicate
D5067−16 (2021)
TABLE1 Continued
Lightfastness Category
Colour Index
Colour Index Name Common Name and Chemical Class
Number
Watercolors
PV 15 I Ultramarine Violet, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur or sodium alumino-sul- 77007
phosilicate
PV 16 I Manganese Violet, manganese ammonium pyrophosphate 77742
PV 19 I Quinacridone (hue designation), gamma quinacridone 73900
BLUES
PB 15 II Phthalocyanine Blue or Phthalo Blue, with option of adding Red Shade, copper phthalocyanine 74160
PB 15:6 II Phthalocyanine Blue, or Phthalo Blue, with option of adding Green Shade, copper phthalocyanine 74160:6
PB 27 I Prussian Blue, with the option of adding the name Milori Blue, ferriammonium ferrocyanide 77510
PB 28 I Cobalt Blue, oxides of cobalt and aluminum or cobalt aluminate 77346
PB 29 I Ultramarine Blue, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur 77007
PB 33 I Manganese Blue, barium manganate with barium sulfate 77112
PB 35 I Cerulean Blue, oxides of cobalt and tin or cobalt stannate 77368
PB 36 I Cerulean Blue, Chromium or Cobalt Chromite Blue, oxides of cobalt and chromium, or cobalt 77343
chromite
GREENS
PG 7 I Phthalocyanine Green or Phthalo Green, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine 74260
PG 17 I Chromium Oxide Green, anhydrous chromium sesquioxide 77288
PG 18 I Viridian, hydrous chromium sesquioxide 77289
PG 19 I Cobalt Green, oxides of cobalt and zinc, or cobalt zincate 77335
PG 23 I Green Earth, or Terre Verte, natural ferrous silicate containing magnesium and aluminum potas- 77009
sium silicates
PG 36 I Phthalocyanine Green, Y. S. (yellow shade), chlorinated and brominated phthalocyanine 74265
PB 36 I Cobalt Chromite Green or Cobalt Turquoise, oxides of cobalt and chromium, or cobalt chromite 77343
BROWNS
PBr 7 I Burnt Sienna, calcined natural iron oxide 77491 or 77492
PBr 7 I Burnt Umber, calcined natural iron oxide containing manganese 77491 or 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Sienna, natural iron oxide 77491 or 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Umber, natural iron oxide containing manganese 77491 or 77492
BLACKS
PBk 6 I Lamp Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 7 I Carbon Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 8 I Charcoal Black or Vine Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon of vegetable origin 77268
PBk 9 I Ivory Black or Bone Black, amorphous carbon produced by charring animal bones 77267
PBk 19 I Gray Hydrated Aluminum Silicate, hydrated aluminum silicate 77017
WHITES
PW 4 I Zinc White, zinc oxide with option of adding the name Chinese White 77947
PW 6 I Titanium White, titanium dioxide (rutile or anatase) with option of including some barium sulfate or 77891
zinc oxide
A
These pigments were put into the Lightfastness II category pending results of retesting.
5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1, 5.1.7 Mixed Pigments—Artists’paints containing more than
which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simple one pigment comply with this specification if all colored
chemical description, shall be given by the producer in an
pigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigment
appropriateelectronicversionorprintedpublication.Manufac- list (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed all
turers are encouraged to put this complete identification on the
other test requirements in this specification. The lightfastness
container label when label size permits.
category shall be that of the least lightfast pigment. This
5.1.3 TheCommonNameshallbeplacedonthefrontofthe
lightfastness category may be changed if the mixture is tested
label and shall be the name of the paint except as described in
for lightfastness in accordance with Test Methods D4303 and
5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhere
results indicating a different category are submitted to ASTM
on the container.
Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation.
5.1.4 The Colour Index Name may be spelled out in full or
5.1.8 Historical and Discontinued Pigments—Pigmentsthat
abbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example:
are either (1) primarily of a historical nature, or (2) have not
Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.
been commercially manufactured for a minimum of ten years
5.1.5 Substituted Pigments—In the case of substituted
or more, may be submitted to Subcommittee D01.57 for
pigments, except for those pigments listed in Table X2.1, the
inclusion in Table X2.1.
word“Hue”inequalsizelettersshallfollowinthetitle,onthe
5.1.8.1 The Common Name(s) of pigments in Table X2.1
front of the tube, immediately after the name of the pigment
maybeusedbysubstitutedpigmentswithoutthedesignationof
that has been simulated.
“Hue” in the title.
5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be used
providedtheCommonName(s)giveninTable1islistedalong 5.1.8.2 Paints using pigments listed in Table X2.1 may use
the word “Genuine” in front of the title to differentiate them
with their Colour Index Names and the Lightfastness Category
of the mixture somewhere on the label. from substituted pigments.
D5067−16 (2021)
5.2 Provide on the label the identification of the gum/resin 5.5 Statement of Conformance—“Conforms to ASTM
used. Specification D5067,” or “Conforms to ASTM D5067,” or
“ConformstothequalityrequirementsofASTMD5067.”This
5.3 Lightfastness—The label shall contain the word “Light-
statement may be combined with other conformance
fastness” followed by the appropriate rating, I or II, as given
statements, such as, “Conforms to the quality and health
foreachpigmentinTable1,orelseoneofthesecorresponding
requirements of ASTM Specification D5067 and Practice
icons (Fig. 1).
D4236.”
5.6 Address—Include on the label (1) the name and address
of the manufacturer or importer, and (2) the country of
manufacture.
6. Quality Assurance for Artists’ Watercolor Paints
6.1 ConditionsNotCoveredinThisSpecificati
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