ASTM B923-10

Standard Test Method for Metal Powder Skeletal Density by Helium or Nitrogen Pycnometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Both suppliers and users of metals can benefit from knowledge of the skeletal density of these materials. Results of many intermediate and final processing steps are controlled by or related to skeletal density of the metal. In addition, the performance of many sintered or cast metal structures may be predicted from the skeletal density of the starting metal powder, for all or a portion of the finished piece.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of skeletal density of metal powders. The test method specifies general procedures that are applicable to many commercial pycnometry instruments. The method provides specific sample outgassing procedures for listed materials. It includes additional general outgassing instructions for other metals. The ideal gas law forms the basis for all calculations.
1.2 This test method does not include all existing procedures appropriate for outgassing metal materials. The included procedures provided acceptable results for samples analyzed during an interlaboratory study. The investigator shall determine the appropriateness of listed procedures.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 This test method uses SI units as standard in accordance with . State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports volume and/or density using alternate units. In this case, present both reported and equivalent SI units in the final written report. Many instruments report skeletal density as g/cm3 instead of using correct SI units (kg/m3).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2010
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.03 - Refractory Metal Powders

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM B923-02(2008) - Standard Test Method for Metal Powder Skeletal Density by Helium or Nitrogen Pycnometry
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM B923-16 - Standard Test Method for Metal Powder Skeletal Density by Helium or Nitrogen Pycnometry
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D8091-21 - Standard Guide for Impregnation of Graphite with Molten Salt
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2885-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Components for Surgical Implant Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D8325-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Nuclear Graphite Surface Area and Porosity by Gas Adsorption Measurements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F3637-23 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing of Metal — Finished Part Properties — Methods for Relative Density Measurement
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM B988-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Powder Metallurgy (PM) Titanium and Titanium Alloy Structural Components
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F3049-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2886-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Cobalt-28Chromium-6Molybdenum Components for Surgical Implant Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2989-21 - Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Unalloyed Titanium Components for Surgical Implant Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C750-18 - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Boron Carbide Powder
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B923 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Metal Powder Skeletal Density by Helium or Nitrogen
1
Pycnometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 This test method covers determination of skeletal den-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
sity of metal powders. The test method specifies general
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric
procedures that are applicable to many commercial pycnom-
Practice
etry instruments. The method provides specific sample outgas-
sing procedures for listed materials. It includes additional
3. Terminology
general outgassing instructions for other metals. The ideal gas
3.1 Definitions:
law forms the basis for all calculations.
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology B243 for additional definitions
1.2 This test method does not include all existing proce-
relating to metal powders.
dures appropriate for outgassing metal materials. The included
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
procedures provided acceptable results for samples analyzed
3.2.1 density, n—the mass per unit volume of a material.
during an interlaboratory study. The investigator shall deter-
3.2.2 density, skeletal, n—the ratio of mass of discrete
mine the appropriateness of listed procedures.
pieces of solid material to the sum of the volumes of the solid
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
material in the pieces and closed (or blind) pores within the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
pieces.
standard.
3.2.3 outgassing, n—the evolution of gas from a material in
1.3.1 This test method uses SI units as standard in accor-
a vacuum or inert gas flow, at or above ambient temperature.
dance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10. State all numerical values in
3.2.4 skeletal volume, n—the sum of the volumes: the solid
terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software
material in the pieces and closed (or blind) pores within the
reports volume and/or density using alternate units. In this
pieces.
case, present both reported and equivalent SI units in the final
written report. Many instruments report skeletal density as
4. Summary of Test Method
3 3
g/cm instead of using correct SI units (kg/m ).
4.1 An appropriately sized sample (to provide at least the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
minimum skeletal volume required for reliable results for the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
instrument or apparatus used) is outgassed under appropriate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conditions prior to analysis.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The sample is weighed to nearest 0.1 mg. It is important
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to use an analytical balance to determine the sample mass. The
2. Referenced Documents
pycnometer measures the total displaced skeletal volume of the
2
sample under analysis. The sample mass is then used to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calculate the skeletal density of the metal. Any error in the
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
sample mass will affect the calculated density. Some cleaning
of the sample surface may take place inside the pycnometer.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Therefore, it is best to reweigh the sample after analysis and
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
use the final mass when calculating skeletal density.
mittee B09.03 on Refractory Metal Powders.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
4.3 Sample skeletal volume is determined a minimum of
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B923–02(2008). DOI:
five times. Skeletal volume average and standard deviation are
10.1520/B0923-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or calculated using standard statistical methods.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.4 Calculations are based on the ideal gas law, as required
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. by the instrument being used for the determination. The
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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