ASTM B946-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Surface Roughness of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products
Standard Test Methods for Surface Roughness of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The surface roughness of PM parts is an important characteristic in relation to factors such as their load-bearing, wear, sealing, sliding, adhesion, electrical contact, and lubricant retention properties.
3.2 Surface roughness may also be critical for component assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating surface interaction may require certain surface roughness requirements to meet performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover measuring the surface roughness of powder metallurgy (PM) products at all stages of manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished component.
1.2 These test methods provide the definition and schematic of some common surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rt, and RzISO)
1.3 This standard specifies two different standardized procedures for measuring the surface roughness of PM parts.
1.3.1 Method 1 uses a conical stylus and a Gaussian filter.
1.3.2 Method 2 uses a chisel (knife) edge stylus.
1.3.3 Each test method results in a different measure of surface roughness and the results are not directly comparable.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B946 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
1
Surface Roughness of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B946; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 These test methods cover measuring the surface rough-
3
2.2 MPIF Standard:
ness of powder metallurgy (PM) products at all stages of
MPIF Standard 58 Method for Determination of Surface
manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished
Finish of Powder Metallurgy Products
component.
4
2.3 ASME Standard:
1.2 These test methods provide the definition and schematic
ASME B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,
of some common surface roughness parameters (R , R , and
a t
Waviness, and Lay)
R )
5
zISO
2.4 ISO Standard:
1.3 This standard specifies two different standardized pro-
ISO 16610-21 Geometric Product Specifications (GPS) –
cedures for measuring the surface roughness of PM parts.
Filtration–Part 21: Linear Profile Filters: Gaussian Filters
1.3.1 Method 1 uses a conical stylus and a Gaussian filter.
3. Significance and Use
1.3.2 Method 2 uses a chisel (knife) edge stylus.
1.3.3 Each test method results in a different measure of
3.1 The surface roughness of PM parts is an important
surface roughness and the results are not directly comparable.
characteristic in relation to factors such as their load-bearing,
wear, sealing, sliding, adhesion, electrical contact, and lubri-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
cant retention properties.
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.2 Surface roughness may also be critical for component
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the surface interaction may require certain surface roughness
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- requirements to meet performance specifications.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Interferences
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 Because many conventional PM materials contain open
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
porosity at the surface, special consideration should be taken
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
when measuring surface roughness. As most roughness param-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
eters are defined by measuring the microscopic peaks and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
valleys, the porosity in sintered powder metallurgy products
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
will negatively influence this value.
4.2 Because the direction of pressing may cause direction-
2. Referenced Documents
ality in surface roughness values, the direction of measurement
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
should be specified and reported.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
5. Apparatus
5.1 Method 1 (Conical Stylus):
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on
Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee B09.05 on Structural Parts. Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023. Published February 2023. Originally East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http://www.mpif.org.
4
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as B946 – 11 (2016). Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
DOI: 10.1520/B0946-23. International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.asme.org.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
the ASTM website. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B946 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) B946 − 23
Standard Test MethodMethods for
Surface FinishRoughness of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B946; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method coversThese test methods cover measuring the surface finishroughness of powder metallurgy (PM) products
at all stages of manufacturing from green compact to fully hardened finished component.
1.2 This test method providesThese test methods provide the definition and schematic of some common surface finishroughness
parameters (R , R , and R )
a t zISO
1.3 This standard specifies two different standardized procedures for measuring the surface roughness of PM parts.
1.3.1 Method 1 uses a conical stylus and a Gaussian filter.
1.3.2 Method 2 uses a chisel (knife) edge stylus.
1.3.3 Each test method results in a different measure of surface roughness and the results are not directly comparable.
1.4 The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to after SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to safety, health, and environmental practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method isThese test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee B09.05 on Structural Parts.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2023. Published April 2016February 2023. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
B946 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/B0946-11R16.11 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/B0946-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B946 − 23
3
2.2 MPIF Standard:
MPIF Standard 58 Method for Determination of Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy Products
4
2.3 ASME Standard:
ASME B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 16610-21 Geometric Product Specifications (GPS) – Filtration–Part 21: Linear Profile Filters: Gaussian Filters
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The surface finish of a component may be critical for certain applications, affecting properties such as wear resistance, fatigue
strength, and coefficient of friction.roughness of PM parts is an important characteristic in relation to factors such as their
load-bearing, wear, sealing, sliding, adhesion, electrical contact, and lubricant retention properties.
3.2 Surface finishroughness may also be critical for component assembly or system performance. Dimensional fit and mating
surface interaction may require certain surface finishroughness requirements to meet performance specifications.
4. Interferences
4.1 Because many conventional PM materials contain open porosity at the surface, special consideration should be taken when
measuring surface finish.roughness. As most roughness parameters are defined by measuring the microscopic peaks and valleys,
the porosity in sintered powder metallurgy products will negatively influence this value.
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.