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ASTM D4806-07a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel. The significance of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2007
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.A0.02 - Oxygenated Fuels and Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4806-07 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D4806-08 - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM D5798-21 - Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7794-21 - Standard Practice for Blending Mid-Level Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles with Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7795-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol Blends by Titration
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7757-22 - Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1613-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8235-21 - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5797-21 - Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51–M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7563-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Ability of Engine Oil to Emulsify Water and Simulated Ed85 Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7875-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Acetone Content of Butanol for Blending with Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8076-21b - Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4806 – 07a
Standard Specification for
Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use
1
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
tured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or
Petroleum Products
leaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
ignition automotive engine fuel. The significance of this
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
specification is shown in Appendix X1.
D 4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Fuel
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
only.
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
2. Referenced Documents
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
2
D 5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D 5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-
Atmospheric Pressure
ene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier
D 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet 9
Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by
Evaporation
Gas Chromatography
D 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 1152 Specification for Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)
D 6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)
D 1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
D 6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
and Related Products
D 7318 Test Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol
D 1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
by Potentiometric Titration
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
D 7319 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
tial Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
D 7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-
lometry
tial Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel
D 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of
Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample
Pure Liquid Chemicals
Injection
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 203 TestMethodforWaterUsingVolumetricKarlFischer
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Titration
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
E 1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 4806–07.
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4806 – 07a
2.2 Other Standards:
Ethanol, volume %, min 92.1
Methanol, volume %, max 0.5
United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts
Solvent-washed gum, 5.0
3
20 and 21
mg/100 mL, max
Water content, volume %, max 1.0 (Note 3)
United States Federal Specification O-E-760b Ethyl Alco-
Denaturant content, volume %, min 1.96
hol (E
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4806–07 Designation: D 4806 – 07a
Standard Specification for
Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use
1
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leaded
gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as a spark-ignition automotive engine fuel. The significance of this specification is shown
in Appendix X1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation D512Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D 891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D 1152 Specification for Methanol (Methyl Alcohol) D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 1613 Test Method forAcidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
D 1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D 3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D 5453 Test Method for Determination ofTotal Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,
and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D 5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
D 5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C and HeavierAromatics,
9
and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) D6428Test
Method
forTo-
tal
Sulfur
in Liq-
uid
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.A0.01
on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved July 15,Dec. 1, 2007. Published August 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
D4806–06c.D 4806–07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4806 – 07a
Aro-
matic
Hy-
dro-
car-
bons
and
Their
De-
riva-
tives
by
Oxi-
dative
Com-
bus-
tion
and
Elec-
tro-
chemical
Detec-
tion
D 6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D 7318 Test Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric Titration
D 7319 TestMethodforDeterminationofTotalandPotentialSulfateandInorganicChlorideinFuelEthanolbyDirectInjection
Suppressed Ion Chromatography
D 7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol
by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample Injection
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Confor
...

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1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4808-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
1.2 Three test methods are included here that account for the special characteristics of different petroleum products and apply to the following distillation ranges:    
Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
Middle Distillates  
200–370 (400–700)  
Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
Residua  
510+ (950+ )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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