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ASTM D6772/D6772M-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Dimensional Stability of Sandwich Core Materials

Standard Test Method for Dimensional Stability of Sandwich Core Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sandwich panel cores may change planar dimensions when heated. This phenomenon can be associated with the effects of heating upon the core material itself, as well as changes in core moisture content resulting from the heating cycle. It is prudent to know if this may be problematic with regard to the intended final part dimensions.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of characterizing the dimensional stability of sandwich core materials for design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 Factors that influence dimensional stability of sandwich core materials and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, methods of material fabrication, core geometry, core thickness, core thickness uniformity, cell wall thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, heating and cooling environments (including temperatures and humidity levels), and specimen conditioning (both prior to and after heating).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sandwich core dimensional stability in the two plan dimensions.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2022
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020

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REDLINE ASTM D6772/D6772M-22 - Standard Test Method for Dimensional Stability of Sandwich Core MaterialsREDLINE ASTM D6772/D6772M-22 - Standard Test Method for Dimensional Stability of Sandwich Core Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6772/D6772M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Dimensional Stability of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6772/D6772M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sand-
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
wich core dimensional stability in the two plan dimensions.
ASTM Test Methods
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
3. Terminology
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms
from the two systems shall not be combined.
relating to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
terms relating to plastics.Terminology E456 and Practice E177
brackets.
define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
over the other terminologies.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Symbols:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
population for a given property (in percent)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 L — initial (pre-test) measured dimension
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
i
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.3 L —post-heating measured dimension
f
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4 S —standard deviation statistic of a sample popula-
n-1
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tion for a given property
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.5 x —test result for an individual specimen from the
I
sample population for a given property
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.2.6 x¯—mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample
2.1 ASTM Standards:
population for a given property
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core
Materials
4. Summary of Test Method
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
4.1 This test method consists of placing a small piece of
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
sandwichcorematerialinanelevatedtemperatureenvironment
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
for a specified period of time. After cooling, the dimensional
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
changes in the planar dimensions are measured and compared
Composite Materials
to the initial measurements taken prior to thermal exposure,
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
both immediately after heating and after re-conditioning. A
typical honeycomb core specimen is shown in Fig. 1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
5. Significance and Use
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
Sandwich Construction.
5.1 Sandwich panel cores may change planar dimensions
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
when heated. This phenomenon can be associated with the
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6772/D6772M – 16.
DOI: 10.1520/D6772_D6772M-22.
effects of heating upon the core material itself, as well as
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
changes in core moisture content resulting from the heating
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cycle. It is prudent to know if this may be problematic with
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. regard to the intended final part dimensions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6772/D6
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6772/D6772M − 16 D6772/D6772M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Dimensional Stability of Sandwich Core Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6772/D6772M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sandwich core dimensional stability in the two plan dimensions.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C271/C271M Test Method for Density of Sandwich Core Materials
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms relating
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016May 1, 2022. Published April 2016May 2022. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 as
D6772 – 15.D6772/D6772M – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D6772_D6772M-16.10.1520/D6772_D6772M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6772/D6772M − 22
to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms
relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other
terminologies.
3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population for a given property (in percent)
3.2.2 L — initial (pre-test) measured dimension
i
3.2.3 L —post-heating measured dimension
f
3.2.4 S —standard deviation statistic of a sample population for a given property
n-1
3.2.5 x —test result for an individual specimen from the sample population for a given property
I
3.2.6 x¯—mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample population for a given property
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of placing a small piece of sandwich core material in an elevated temperature environment for a
specified period of time. After cooling, the dimensional changes in the planar dimensions are measured and compared to the initial
measurements taken prior to thermal exposure, both immediately after heating and after re-conditioning. A typical honeycomb core
specimen is shown in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Dimensional Stability Specimen
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Sandwich panel cores may change planar dimensions when heated. This phenomenon
...

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1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, t...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a standard method of determining the open-hole (notched) strength of the sandwich panel for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development.  
5.2 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence notched sandwich compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: facesheet and core materials, core density, cell size and wall thickness if applicable, film adhesive, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, facesheet stacking sequence and thickness, core thickness, overall specimen thickness, specimen geometry (including hole diameter, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and width-to-diameter ratio), specimen preparation (especially of the hole), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type, specimen/fixture alignment, time at temperature, and speed of testing. Further, notched sandwich compressive strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.  
5.3 The compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to flexural compression testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of sandwich constructions in a direction parallel to the sandwich facesheet plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density) are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, with a centrally located open through-hole, which is tested under edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.  
1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include: specimen geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions (facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich constructions, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 This test method can be used to test unnotched specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. ASTM Test Methods C364 or D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for unnotched sandwich panel compression strength or long beam flexure, respectively.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7291/D7291M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Through-Thickness “Flatwise” Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.  
1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C366/C366M-16(2022)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thickness of Sandwich Cores

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Normally, a close tolerance is desirable for core thickness so that sandwich panels may be manufactured with all the sandwich components fitting properly and without crushing the core.  
5.2 These test methods are designed for measuring thickness of core as it is produced and are not intended for use in determining dimensions of core specimens for other tests.  
5.3 These test methods provide standard methods of obtaining the core thickness of flat sandwich core materials, and provide a basis for determining average thickness dimensions. The thickness properties derived may be used in design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.4 Factors that influence core thickness measurement and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material through-thickness rigidity, surface roughness, specimen geometry (including warpage), specimen preparation, methods of dimensional measurement, specimen conditioning, and moisture content during dimensional measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover plant manufacturing procedures for measuring the thickness of flat sandwich cores. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). The two test methods covered include the following:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Roller-Type Thickness Tester.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Disk-Type Thickness Tester.
Note 1: These test methods are designed for measuring thickness of core as it is produced and are not intended for use in determining dimensions of core specimens for other tests.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3800-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fiber density is useful in the evaluation of new materials at the research and development level and is one of the material properties normally given in fiber specifications.  
5.2 Fiber density is used to determine fiber strength and modulus of both a fiber bundle and an individual filament. These properties are based on load or modulus slope over an effective area. Fiber density may be used with lineal mass of the fiber to give an approximation of effective tow area. Tow area divided by the average number of filaments in a tow gives an approximation of the effective area of an individual filament.  
5.3 Fiber density is used as a constituent property when determining reinforcement volume and void volume based on reinforcement mass and laminate density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of high-modulus fibers and is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous fibers.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional information.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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