ASTM D5836-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in Workplace Atmospheres (1-2 PP Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in Workplace Atmospheres (1-2 PP Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Diisocyanates are used in the production of polyurethane foams, plastics, elastomers, surface coatings, and adhesives (5, 6). It has been estimated that the production of TDI will steadily increase during the future years.
5.2 Diisocyanates are irritants to eyes, skin, and mucous membrane and are respiratory sensitizers. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of diisocyanates produces an allergic sensitization which may progress into asthmatic bronchitis (7, 8).
5.3 The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for 2,4-TDI of 0.02 ppm or 0.14 mg/m3 as a ceiling limit. There is no OSHA PEL for 2,6-TDI (9). The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has a time–weighted average (TWA) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.001 ppm or 0.007 mg/m3 and a short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 0.005 ppm or 0.036 mg/m3 for either 2,4-TDI, or 2,6-TDI, or for a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI (10).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in air samples collected from workplace atmospheres in a cassette containing a glass-fiber filter impregnated with 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine (1-2 PP). This procedure is effective for determining the vapor content of atmospheres. It is advisable to perform a field extraction for atmospheres containing aerosols to avoid the possibility of an underestimation.
1.2 This test method uses a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence or an ultraviolet (UV) detector (1-4).2,3 An ultra high performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) can also be used, provided that its performance is equivalent to what is stated in this standard.
1.3 The validated range of the test method, as written, is from 1.4 to 5.6 μg of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI which is equivalent to approximately 9.8 to 39 ppb for 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI based on a 20-L air sample. The HPLC method using an UV detector is capable of detecting 0.078 μg of 2,4-TDI and 0.068 μg of 2,6-TDI in a 4.0-mL solvent volume, which is equivalent to 0.55 ppb for 2,4-TDI and 0.48 ppb for 2,6-TDI based on a 20-L air sample.
1.4 The isomers of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI can be separated utilizing a reversed phase column for the HPLC method. Because industrial applications employ an isomeric mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI, the ability to achieve this separation is important.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for specific precautions.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5836 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-
Toluene Diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in Workplace Atmospheres
1
(1-2 PP Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5836; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method describes the determination of 2,4-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(2,6-TDI) in air samples collected from workplace atmo-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
spheres in a cassette containing a glass-fiber filter impregnated
See Section 9 for specific precautions.
with 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine (1-2 PP). This procedure is effec-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
tive for determining the vapor content of atmospheres. It is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
advisable to perform a field extraction for atmospheres con-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
taining aerosols to avoid the possibility of an underestimation.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This test method uses a high-performance liquid chro-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
matograph (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence or an ultra-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2,3
violet (UV) detector (1-4). An ultra high performance liquid
chromatograph (UPLC) can also be used, provided that its 2. Referenced Documents
performance is equivalent to what is stated in this standard.
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 The validated range of the test method, as written, is D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
from 1.4 to 5.6 µg of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI which is equivalent
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
to approximately 9.8 to 39 ppb for 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI based Atmospheres
on a 20-Lair sample. The HPLC method using an UV detector
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
is capable of detecting 0.078 µg of 2,4-TDI and 0.068 µg of
Atmosphere
2,6-TDI in a 4.0-mL solvent volume, which is equivalent to
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Or-
0.55ppbfor2,4-TDIand0.48ppbfor2,6-TDIbasedona20-L
ganic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Ad-
air sample.
sorption Method)
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
1.4 The isomers of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI can be separated
D5337 Practice for Flow RateAdjustment of Personal Sam-
utilizing a reversed phase column for the HPLC method.
pling Pumps
Because industrial applications employ an isomeric mixture of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
2,4- and 2,6-TDI, the ability to achieve this separation is
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
important.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5
testing and calibration laboratories
standard.
3. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
3.1 Definitions:
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air
Quality.
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
4
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5836 – 08 (2013). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/D5836-20. contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
2
Validationdataandapreliminary draftof thistest methodwereprovidedbythe Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Salt Lake Technical Center of the U.S. Dept. of Labor, Occupational Safety and the ASTM website.
5
Health Administration, Salt Lake City, UT. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
this standard. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5836 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D5836 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-
Toluene Diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) in Workplace Atmospheres
1
(1-2 PP Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5836; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the determination of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI)
in air samples collected from workplace atmospheres in a cassette containing a glass-fiber filter impregnated with 1-(2-
pyridyl)piperazine (1-2 PP). This procedure is very effective for determining the vapor content of atmospheres. Atmospheres
containing aerosols may cause TDI results to be underestimated.It is advisable to perform a field extraction for atmospheres
containing aerosols to avoid the possibility of an underestimation.
1.2 This test method uses a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence or an ultraviolet (UV)
2,3
detector (1-4). An ultra high performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) can also be used, provided that its performance is
equivalent to what is stated in this standard.
1.3 The validated range of the test method, as written, is from 1.4 to 5.6 μg of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI which is equivalent to
approximately 9.8 to 39 ppb for 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI based on a 20-L air sample. The HPLC method using an UV detector is
capable of detecting 0.078 μg of 2,4-TDI and 0.068 μg of 2,6-TDI in a 4.0-mL solvent volume, which is equivalent to 0.55 ppb
for 2,4-TDI and 0.48 ppb for 2,6-TDI based on a 20-L air sample.
1.4 The isomers of 2,4-TDI,2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI,2,6-TDI can be separated utilizing a reversed phase column for the HPLC
method. Because industrial applications employ an isomeric mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI, the ability to achieve this separation is
important.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for specific precautions.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient Atmosphere
D3686 Practice for Sampling Atmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal Tube Adsorption Method)
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling Pumps
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013March 1, 2020. Published April 2013May 2020. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D5836 – 08.D5836 – 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D5836-08R13.10.1520/D5836-20.
2
Validation data and a preliminary draft of this test method were provided by the Salt Lake Technical Center of the U.S. Dept. of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, Salt Lake City, UT.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the a list of references at the end of this test method.standard.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5836 − 20
E691 Practice for Co
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