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ASTM E1370-21

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection

Standard Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide describes standard approaches used to formulate air sampling strategies before actual air sampling occurs.  
4.2 For most workplace air sampling purposes, and for the majority of materials sampled, air sampling strategies are matters of choice. Air sampling in the workplace may be done for single or multiple purposes, such as health impact, hazard or risk assessment, compliance assessment, or investigation of complaints. Problems can arise when a single air sampling strategy is expected to satisfy multiple diverse purposes.  
4.2.1 Proper consideration of limitations of cost, space, power requirements, equipment, analytical methods, training and personnel result in a best available strategy for each purpose.  
4.2.2 A strategy designed to satisfy multiple purposes must be a compromise among several alternatives, and will not be optimum for any one purpose; however, the strategy should be appropriate for the intended purpose(s).  
4.2.3 The purpose or purposes for sampling should be explicitly stated before a sampling strategy is selected in order to ensure that the sampling strategy is appropriate for the intended use. Good sampling practice, legal requirements, cost of the sampling program, and the utility of the results may be markedly different for different intended sampling purposes.  
4.3 This guide is intended for use by those who are preparing to evaluate air quality in a work environment of a location by air sampling, or who wish to obtain an understanding of what information can be obtained by carrying out air sampling.  
4.4 This guide should not be used as a stand-alone document to evaluate any given airborne contaminant(s).  
4.5 This guide cannot take the place of sound professional judgment in development and execution of any sampling strategy. In most instances, a strategy based on a standard practice or method will need to be adjusted due to conditions encountered in the field. Documentation of any professional judgments appli...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.  
1.2 Where air sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that may be specified in such law or regulation.  
1.3 Guidance for surface sampling strategies for metals and metalloids is provided in Guide D7659.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2021
ICS
13.040.30 - Workplace atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.04 - Workplace Air Quality
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
01-Sep-2020
Refers
ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
Effective Date
15-Mar-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1370 − 21
Standard Guide for
Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace
1
Protection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
Safety
1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air
3
sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring 2.2 ISO Standards:
or evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, ISO 7708 Particle size fraction definitions for health-related
number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all sampling
considered. ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of
testing and calibration laboratories
1.2 Where air sampling is prescribed by law or regulation,
ISO 18158 Workplace exposure — Terminology
this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements
that may be specified in such law or regulation.
3. Terminology
1.3 Guidance for surface sampling strategies for metals and
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to occupational health
metalloids is provided in Guide D7659.
and safety, see Terminology E1542.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 For definitions of terms relating to atmospheric sam-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pling and analysis, see Terminology D1356.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.3 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.1 alarm sampler, n—sampling device that produces an
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
alarm (audible, visible, or both) when the concentration of a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
substance exceeds a pre-set value.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.3.2 exposure (by inhalation), n—situation in which a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
chemical or biological agent is present in the air that is inhaled
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. by a person. ISO 18158
3.3.3 occupational exposure limit value, n—limit of the
2. Referenced Documents
time-weightedaverageoftheconcentrationofachemicalagent
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in the air within the breathing zone of a worker in relation to
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
a specified reference period. ISO 18158
Atmospheres
3.3.4 professional judgment, n—application and appropriate
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
use of knowledge gained from formal education, experience,
D7659 Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals
experimentation, inference, and analogy. D7659
and Metalloids for Worker Protection
D8358 GuideforAssessmentandInclusionofWallDeposits 3.3.4.1 Discussion—The capacity of an experienced profes-
in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne sional to draw correct inferences from incomplete quantitative
Particulate Matter data, frequently on the basis of observations, analogy, and
intuition.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
3.3.5 sampling excursion, n—duration of time during which
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on WorkplaceAir Quality.
active sampling is not being performed, typically between two
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
durations of active sampling.
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1370 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/E1370-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
the ASTM website. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1370 − 21
4. Significance and Use 6. Purposes for Air Sampling
6.1 Risk Evaluation—To estimate the contaminant concen-
4.1 This guide describes standard approaches used to for-
trations(expected,ormaximum,orboth)intheworkpl
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1370 − 14 E1370 − 21
Standard Guide for
Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace
1
Protection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes criteria to be used in defining air sampling strategies for workplace health and safety monitoring or
evaluation. Sampling criteria such as duration, frequency, number, location, method, equipment, and timing are all considered.
1.2 Where air sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that
may be specified in such law or regulation.
1.3 Guidance for surface sampling strategies for metals and metalloids is provided in Guide D7659.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D7659 Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals and Metalloids for Worker Protection
D8358 Guide for Assessment and Inclusion of Wall Deposits in the Analysis of Single-Stage Samplers for Airborne Particulate
Matter
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 7708 Particle Size Fraction Definitions for Health-Related Samplingsize fraction definitions for health-related sampling
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirementsrequirements for the Competencecompetence of Testingtesting and Calibration Labora-
toriescalibration laboratories
EN 1540ISO 18158 Workplace Exposure—Terminologyexposure — Terminology
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2021. Published May 2014October 2021. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
E1370 – 96 (2008).E1370 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E1370-14.10.1520/E1370-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1370 − 21
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to occupational health and safety, see Terminology E1542.
3.2 For definitions of terms relating to atmospheric sampling and analysis, see Terminology D1356.
3.3 Definitions:
3.3.1 alarm sampler—sampler, n—sampling device that produces an alarm (audible, visible, or both) when the concentration of
a substance exceeds a pre-set value.
3.3.2 exposure (by inhalation)—inhalation), n—situation in which a chemical or biological agent is present in the air that is inhaled
by a person. EN 1540ISO 18158
3.3.3 occupational exposure limit—limit value, n—upper bound on the acceptable limit of the time-weighted average of the
concentration of a hazardous substance in workplace air. chemical agent in the air within the breathing zone of a worker in relation
to a specified reference period.
3.3.3.1 Discussion—
Typically established by national authorities in efforts to protect workers’ health. ISO 18158
3.3.4 professional judgment—judgment, n—application and appropriate use of knowledge gained from formal education,
experience, experimentation, inference, and analogy. D
...

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1.1 This guide provides criteria to be used in defining strategies for sampling for metals and metalloids on surfaces for workplace health and safety monitoring or evaluation.  
1.2 Guidance provided by this standard is intended for sampling of metals and metalloids on surfaces for subsequent analysis using methods such as atomic spectrometry, mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, or molecular fluorescence. Guidance for evaluation of data after sample analysis is included.  
1.3 Sampling for volatile organometallic species (for example, trimethyl tin) is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.4 Sampling to determine levels of metals or metalloids on the skin is not within the scope of this guide.  
1.5 Sampling for airborne particulate matter is not within the scope of this guide. Guide E1370 provides information on air sampling strategies.  
1.6 Where surface sampling is prescribed by law or regulation, this guide is not intended to take the place of any requirements that may be specified in such law or regulation.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8405-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating PM2.5 Sensors or Sensor Systems Used in Indoor Air Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Poor indoor air quality has been implicated in significant adverse acute and chronic impacts on occupant health and performance. The ability to assess the components contributing to poor indoor air quality is critical for determining best practices for improving indoor air quality.  
5.2 Measurement of pollutants in indoor environments using sensors and sensor systems provides information needed to improve indoor air quality through pollutant source control, ventilation, filtration or other treatments.  
5.3 This method uses a test characterization chamber system equipped with reference monitor(s) to evaluate the response of test sensors or test sensor systems to specific types of particles (for example, salt, polystyrene latex, or dust). To facilitate reproducible results, the test particles used within this method are standardized and have known properties. The user is cautioned that a single particle type is not representative of all particles found indoors. The relative response of test sensors or test sensor systems to a reference monitor can vary by a factor of two for different particle types (for example, primary or secondary, organic or inorganic, outdoor or indoor origin; see 6.11.3 for further discussion). Furthermore, the user is cautioned that the lower limit of particle size detection for optical test sensors and test sensor systems is generally 0.3 μm in diameter; particles below this size are generally undetected and may represent a significant health concern as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a chamber system to evaluate the performance of stationary PM2.5 sensors (sensors) and particle sensor systems (sensor systems) subjected to various test conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5 concentration, and coarse PM interferent concentration.  
1.1.1 This test method covers sensors and sensor systems that can be continuously powered and continuously operated for the duration of any test described in this method through line power or an internal battery of sufficient output. This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without these capabilities.  
1.1.2 This test method evaluates the performance of sensors and sensor systems that allow users to collect data in a systemic manner to assess the capabilities and limitations of these devices.  
1.1.3 This test method is not meant to evaluate sensors or sensor systems without data storage and recording capabilities.  
1.1.4 This test method is not intended to evaluate indoor air quality sensors and sensor systems for purposes of regulation of outdoor air, homeland security, law enforcement or forensic activity.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4597-10(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Regulations such as those promulgated by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration in Title 29CFR 1910.1000 designate that certain hazardous gases and vapors must not be present in the workplace air at concentrations above specific values.  
5.2 This practice, when used in conjunction with an analytical technique, such as that given for organic compounds in Test Method D3687, may provide a means for the determination of time-weighted airborne concentrations of many of the hazardous gases and vapors in applicable regulations (for example, Title 29CFR 1910.1000), as well as others.  
5.3 The manufacturer’s literature should be consulted for the appropriate list of chemicals which may be sampled by a particular device.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of workplace atmospheres for the presence of certain gases or vapors by means of diffusion across a specified quiescent region and subsequent sorption on a solid sorbent (1).2  
1.2 A list of organic compounds which are applicable to solid sorbent sampling where the sorbent is contained in a bed through which air is passed is given in Annex A1 of Practice D3686. Diffusive samplers may be applicable to a similar range of compounds but this must be confirmed by reference to the individual sampler manufacturer’s literature.  
1.3 The valid use of diffusive samplers depends on the existence of actual laboratory or field validation, or both. Guidance on validation can be obtained from published protocols (2-6). This practice is not designed to cover the verification, validation, or specific test procedures used to assess the accuracy or precision of diffusive samplers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4766-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vinyl Chloride in Workplace Atmospheres (Charcoal Tube Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is the starting material for the manufacture of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), which is used extensively in construction, electronics, packaging, and other industries. The vinyl chloride gas can escape during manufacturing, transportation, and polymerization stages. Residual monomer can also escape during subsequent fabrication processes.  
5.2 Vinyl chloride is a toxic and explosive hazardous material.  
5.3 Vinyl chloride is suspected to be a carcinogenic agent (4), and occupational exposure limits (OELs) have been established for this agent. For instance, the present U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for VCM is 1.0 ppm (v) with a 0.5-ppm (v) action level; the maximum length of operator exposure at 5 ppm (v) is 15 min (5).  
5.4 This test method is made selective for vinyl chloride by choosing chromatographic columns that will separate vinyl chloride from other organic compounds in the sample.  
5.5 This test method meets requirements (for example, those of OSHA and NIOSH) for monitoring workplace atmospheres in vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride) production and fabrication processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in workplace atmospheres using a modified charcoal tube method (see Practice D3686).  
1.2 This procedure is compatible with low-flow rate personal sampling equipment. It can be used for personal or stationary monitoring. It cannot be used to determine instantaneous fluctuations in concentration to detect maximum values. Alternative on-site procedures, such as gas chromatography or infrared spectrometry, are required to measure fast-changing concentrations.  
1.3 The range of this test method is from the limit of quantitation approximately 0.03 to 100 ppm (v).  
1.4 The sampling method provides a time-weighted average sample.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9, 10.2.3, and 11.1.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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