ASTM A232/A232M-99

Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1999
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A232/A232M-05 - Standard Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2005
• Referred By: ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 232/A 232M – 99
Standard Specification for
Chromium-Vanadium Alloy Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA232/A232M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.5 AIAG Standard:
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round
cation Standard
chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in
quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve
3. Ordering Information
springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
whenusedatmoderatelyelevatedtemperatures.Thiswireshall
include the following information for each ordered item:
be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
condition as specified by the purchaser.
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-vanadium alloy steel
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
valve spring quality wire),
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),
must be used independent of the other.
3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
tion 13), and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
of Steel Products
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000 kg
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel valve spring quality wire,
size 6.00 mm in 150 kg coils to ASTM A 232/A 232M dated , or for
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
inch-pound units, 40 000 lb oil-tempered chromium-vanadium alloy steel
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
2 valve spring quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A 232/A 232M dated .
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
4. Materials and Manufacture
2.2 ANSI Standard:
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
B 32.4 Preferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rect-
steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
angle, and Hexagon Metal Products
strand cast.
2.3 Federal Standard:
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
and undue segregation.
2.4 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
5. Chemical Composition
ment and Storage
5.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
composition specified in Table 2.
5.2 Heat Analysis—Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A1.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
prescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.
published as A 232 – 39 T. Last previous edition A 232/A 232M – 96.
2 When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Available from theAmerican National Standards Institute, 11West 42nd Street,
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
6 7
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700 Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 200, Southfield, MI 48034.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 232/A 232M – 99
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
SI Units Product
Analysis, % Analysis
Reduction
Tolerance, %
B
Diameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max of Area,
Carbon 0.48–0.53 60.02
min, %
Manganese 0.70–0.90 60.03
C
0.50 2060 2260
Phosphorus 0.020 max +0.005
C
0.55 2050 2240
Sulfur 0.035 max +0.005
C
0.60 2030 2220
Silicon 0.15–0.35 60.02
C
0.65 2010 2200
Chromium 0.80–1.10 60.05
C
0.70 2000 2160
Vanadium 0.15 min −0.01
C
0.80 1980 2140
C
0.90 1960 2120
C
1.00 1940 2100
C
1.10 1920 2080
C
1.20 1900 2060
6. Mechanical Properties
C
1.40 1860 2020
C 6.1 Annealed and Cold-Drawn—When purchased in the
1.60 1820 1980
C
1.80 1800 1960
annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been
C
2.00 1780 1930
given a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas-
C
2.20 1750 1900
er’s coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition to
2.50 1720 1860 45
2.80 1680 1830 45
respond properly to heat treatment. In special cases the
3.00 1660 1800 45
hardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order.
3.50 1620 1760 45
6.2 Oil Tempered—When purchased in the oil-tempered
4.00 1580 1720 40
4.50 1560 1680 40
condition, the tensile strength and minimum percent reduction
5.00 1520 1640 40
of area, sizes 2.50 mm [0.105 in.] and coarser, of the wire shall
5.50 1480 1620 40
conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
6.00 1460 1600 40
6.50 1440 1580 40
6.2.1 NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfor
7.00 1420 1560 40
each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given
8.00 1400 1540 40
lot shall be tested.
9.00 1380 1520 40
10.00 1360 1500 40
6.2.2 LocationofTests—Test specimens shall be taken from
11.00 1340 1480 40
either end of the coil.
12.00 1320 1460 40
6.2.3 Test Method—The tension test shall be made in
Inch-Pound Units
accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
Reduction
6.3 Wrap Test:
Diameter, in. ksi, min ksi, max of Area,
min, % 6.3.1 Oil-tempered or cold-drawn wire 4.00 mm [0.162 in.]
C
and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor without
0.020 300 325
C
0.032 290 315
breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm
C
0.041 280 305
[0.312 in.] in diameter shall wrap without breakage on a
C
0.054 270 295
C
0.062 265 290 mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not appli-
C
0.080 255 275
cable to wire over 8.00 mm in diameter.
0.105 245 265 45
6.3.2 NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfor
0.135 235 255 45
each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given
0.162 225 245 40
0.192 220 240 40
lot shall be tested.
0.244 210 230 40
6.3.3 Location of Test—Test specimens shall be taken from
0.283 205 225 40
0.312 203 223 40 either end of the coil.
0.375 200 220 40
6.3.4 Test Method—The wrap test shall be made in accor-
0.438 195 215 40
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
0.500 190 210 40
6.4 Special Surface Inspection—When specified, the entire
A
Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.
B
length of every coil used by engine valve spring manufacturers
Preferred sizes. For a complete list, refer to ANSI B32.4.
C
The reduction of area test is not applicable to wire diameters under 0.092 in.
shall be inspected for surface imperfections with a magnetic
[2.34 mm].
and/or eddy current defect analyzer or equivalent.
7. Metallurgical Requirements
5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel. 7.1 Surface Condition:
The average of all the separate determinations made shall be 7.1.1 The surface of the w
...